Islamic, Abbasid Caliphate Al-Amin (AH 193–199 / AD 809–813) AR Dirham – al-Muhammadiya Mint, AH 194 (AD 809/10) Diameter: 24 mm Weight: 2.94 grams Historical Background: This silver dirham was minted during the reign of Al-Amin, the sixth Abbasid caliph, who ruled during a turbulent period marked by internal conflict. Following the death of their father, Harun al-Rashid, Al-Amin and his brother, Al-Ma’mūn, became embroiled in a bitter civil war over succession. This coin reflects that political tension, as it prominently names Al-Ma’mūn as heir apparent, despite Al-Amin’s rule at the time. The conflict ultimately led to Al-Amin’s downfall and the rise of Al-Ma’mūn as the next caliph. Obverse: • Inscription: Arabic legend featuring the Islamic declaration of monotheism: "There is no deity but Allah, the One, there is no partner to Him." • Margin: Mint and date inscription: "In the name of Allah. This dirham was struck in the city of al-Muhammadiya in the year 194." Reverse: • Central Inscription: Citing Al-Ma’mūn (heir apparent) and governor Al-Faḍl: "To Allah. Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. From that ordered by Amir al-Maʾmūn, successor to the covenant of the Muslims, ʿAbd Allah, son of the Commander of the Believers, al-Faḍl." • Margin: Qur’anic verse (9:33): "Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. He sent him with guidance and the religion of truth, so that He may make it prevail over all religions, even though the unbelievers may dislike it." Numismatic Details: • Reference: Album 221.4 • Condition: EF (Extremely Fine) • Scarcity: Scarce