Medical instruments. Ancient Roman, 1st-3rd century AD. Bronze. 6-17.5 cm height. 37 x 37 cm the frame. PROVENANCE: Private collection, Berkshire, United Kingdom. 1970. CONDITION: Good Condition. Intact. DESCRIPTION: In Ancient Rome, medical instruments were quite rudimentary by modern standards. Roman physicians used tools such as scalpels, forceps, specula, and a vice (for fractures). In addition, they practised techniques such as bloodletting and cauterisation to treat various ailments. Medical knowledge of the time was based on empirical observation and tradition, influenced by Greek medical schools. Roman physicians believed in the theory of the four humours (blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile) and the importance of the balance between them to maintain health. Medical practices included treatments such as bloodletting, purgation, the use of medicinal herbs and bandages to treat wounds and fractures. In addition, techniques such as cauterisation and amputation were practised in extreme cases. Roman physicians also valued hygiene and diet as important elements in maintaining health. Notes: - The piece includes authenticity certificate. - The piece includes Spanish Export License (Passport for European Union) - If the piece is destined outside the European Union a substitution of the export permit should be requested, can take between 1-2 weeks maximum. - The seller guarantees that he acquired this piece according to all national and international laws related to the ownership of cultural property. Provenance statement seen by Catawiki.