Pezzo come da descrizione, davvero notevole. Venditore molto consigliato in quanto gentile e disponibile. spedizione molto veloce. Ottimo!
查看翻譯伊比利亞 青銅色 還願狼圖。西元前5-1世紀。長 6.2 公分。具有西班牙出口許可證。
編號 84871733
Votive Wolf Figure.
Iberian, 5th - 1st century BC.
Bronze
6.2 cm L.
PROVENANCE: Private collection, Munich, Germany. Acquired from Titiana & Slavey Art Numis, Munich, copy of the bill of sale is attached.
Private collection, Estepona, Malaga.
CONDITION: Good condition, intact.
DESCRIPTION:
Iberian bronze statuette, worked in a rounded bulk, representing the figure of a wolf lying down in a resting position, with its hind legs bent and its front legs stretched out in front of it. The head is large, with the ears erect and alert, large oval eyes and a wrinkled muzzle as it draws back to open its mouth. The open jaws show something inside, which is difficult to distinguish. The realism of the movement, reflecting the artist's direct knowledge of nature, contrasts with the general schematic nature of Iberian art, especially in votive offerings.
Among the Iberians, the wolf had a funerary symbolism, with an apotropaic meaning due to its ferocity. It was also linked to night, war and death, which is why its representation is not uncommon in important pieces such as the chariot top from Cortijo de Maquiz (fig. 1), or in votive objects offered as votive offerings (fig. 2). The production of votive offerings in the form of animals, both domestic and wild (fig. 3), was also common, so this could be the function of this figurine, which would have been deposited in a shrine as a propitiatory offering.
The name Iberian refers to the human groups that inhabited the Mediterranean and southern areas of the Iberian Peninsula between the 4th century BC and the Romanisation of the area, until the 1st century BC. The Iberian culture therefore extended over a wide area stretching from Andalusia to Languedoc in southern France. It was a creative, advanced civilisation, sustained by a society organised around fortified hilltop cities, strongly hierarchical and linked by trade with the Greeks and Phoenicians.
The Iberians developed their own art, with a marked personality and, at the same time, permeable to Eastern influences, especially those of classical and Hellenistic Greece. Indissolubly linked to religion, Iberian art is related to funerary beliefs and the development of sanctuaries, which had a dual function as a sacred place and as a border marker. The interpretation of the works of art found in Iberian necropolises and sanctuaries allows us to learn about the beliefs of this people, their legends and even the personal religiosity of individuals.
Particularly noteworthy are the votive offerings, one of the most characteristic manifestations of Iberian culture, generally made in lost-wax bronze, although they have also been preserved in stone and terracotta. These are small statuettes, around 10 cm in height (the largest are no more than 25 cm), commissioned by high-ranking figures to be offered in the sanctuaries in exchange for protection, well-being, health or prosperity. In fact, most of them have been found in the cave sanctuaries of Despeñaperros, Sierra Morena and Castellar, in Jaén, as well as in La Luz, Murcia. Although they are a very heterogeneous group, they are generally stylised images of men or women in a reverential attitude, with exaggerated features or sexual organs (in the case of those related to fertility), although there are also known votive offerings representing horsemen, horses and other animals and also parts of the body, the latter related to the healing of illnesses or specific limbs.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
- ARANEGUI GASCÓ, C. Los íberos ayer y hoy. Arqueologías y culturas. Marcial Pons Historia. 2017.
- BERMEJO TRIADO, J. Breve historia de los íberos. Nowtilus. 2010.
- PRADOS TORREIRA, L. Exvotos ibéricos de bronce del Museo Arqueológico Nacional. Ministerio de Cultura. 1992.
- QUESADA SANZ, F. “Los íberos y la cultura ibérica”, en CELESTINO PÉREZ, S., coord., La protohistoria en la Península Ibérica. Akal. 2017.
- RUEDA GALÁN, C.; HERRANZ SÁNCHEZ, A.B.; BELLÓN RUIZ, J.P., coord. Exvotos íberos. Paisajes sagrados, peregrinaciones y ritos. Universidad de Jaén. 2021.
- RUIZ, A.; MOLINOS, M. Los íberos. Análisis arqueológico de un proceso histórico. Grijalbo. 1993.
- TARRADELL, M. Arte ibérico. Polígrafa. 1968.
- VV.AA. Revista de Estudios Ibéricos. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. 1994-1998.
PARALLELS:
Fig. 1 Chariot finial with a wolf's head. Cortijo de Maquiz, Mengíbar (Jaén), 4th c. BC Bronze. National Archaeological Museum, Madrid, inv. 1970/54/1.
Fig. 2 Vase fragment (votive offering) with a wolf's head. El Amarejo, Bonete (Albacete), 4th-3rd c. BC. Polychrome pottery. Museum of Albacete, inv. CE09868.
Fig. 3 Bear votive offering. Sanctuary of Collado de los Jardines, Santa Elena (Jaén), 4th-1st century BC. Bronze. National Archaeological Museum, Madrid, inv. 29381.
Notes:
- The piece includes authenticity certificate.
- The piece includes Spanish Export License (Passport for European Union) - If the piece is destined outside the European Union a substitution of the export permit should be requested, can take between 1-2 weeks maximum.
- The seller guarantees that he acquired this piece according to all national and international laws related to the ownership of cultural property. Provenance statement seen by Catawiki.
賣家的故事
Votive Wolf Figure.
Iberian, 5th - 1st century BC.
Bronze
6.2 cm L.
PROVENANCE: Private collection, Munich, Germany. Acquired from Titiana & Slavey Art Numis, Munich, copy of the bill of sale is attached.
Private collection, Estepona, Malaga.
CONDITION: Good condition, intact.
DESCRIPTION:
Iberian bronze statuette, worked in a rounded bulk, representing the figure of a wolf lying down in a resting position, with its hind legs bent and its front legs stretched out in front of it. The head is large, with the ears erect and alert, large oval eyes and a wrinkled muzzle as it draws back to open its mouth. The open jaws show something inside, which is difficult to distinguish. The realism of the movement, reflecting the artist's direct knowledge of nature, contrasts with the general schematic nature of Iberian art, especially in votive offerings.
Among the Iberians, the wolf had a funerary symbolism, with an apotropaic meaning due to its ferocity. It was also linked to night, war and death, which is why its representation is not uncommon in important pieces such as the chariot top from Cortijo de Maquiz (fig. 1), or in votive objects offered as votive offerings (fig. 2). The production of votive offerings in the form of animals, both domestic and wild (fig. 3), was also common, so this could be the function of this figurine, which would have been deposited in a shrine as a propitiatory offering.
The name Iberian refers to the human groups that inhabited the Mediterranean and southern areas of the Iberian Peninsula between the 4th century BC and the Romanisation of the area, until the 1st century BC. The Iberian culture therefore extended over a wide area stretching from Andalusia to Languedoc in southern France. It was a creative, advanced civilisation, sustained by a society organised around fortified hilltop cities, strongly hierarchical and linked by trade with the Greeks and Phoenicians.
The Iberians developed their own art, with a marked personality and, at the same time, permeable to Eastern influences, especially those of classical and Hellenistic Greece. Indissolubly linked to religion, Iberian art is related to funerary beliefs and the development of sanctuaries, which had a dual function as a sacred place and as a border marker. The interpretation of the works of art found in Iberian necropolises and sanctuaries allows us to learn about the beliefs of this people, their legends and even the personal religiosity of individuals.
Particularly noteworthy are the votive offerings, one of the most characteristic manifestations of Iberian culture, generally made in lost-wax bronze, although they have also been preserved in stone and terracotta. These are small statuettes, around 10 cm in height (the largest are no more than 25 cm), commissioned by high-ranking figures to be offered in the sanctuaries in exchange for protection, well-being, health or prosperity. In fact, most of them have been found in the cave sanctuaries of Despeñaperros, Sierra Morena and Castellar, in Jaén, as well as in La Luz, Murcia. Although they are a very heterogeneous group, they are generally stylised images of men or women in a reverential attitude, with exaggerated features or sexual organs (in the case of those related to fertility), although there are also known votive offerings representing horsemen, horses and other animals and also parts of the body, the latter related to the healing of illnesses or specific limbs.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
- ARANEGUI GASCÓ, C. Los íberos ayer y hoy. Arqueologías y culturas. Marcial Pons Historia. 2017.
- BERMEJO TRIADO, J. Breve historia de los íberos. Nowtilus. 2010.
- PRADOS TORREIRA, L. Exvotos ibéricos de bronce del Museo Arqueológico Nacional. Ministerio de Cultura. 1992.
- QUESADA SANZ, F. “Los íberos y la cultura ibérica”, en CELESTINO PÉREZ, S., coord., La protohistoria en la Península Ibérica. Akal. 2017.
- RUEDA GALÁN, C.; HERRANZ SÁNCHEZ, A.B.; BELLÓN RUIZ, J.P., coord. Exvotos íberos. Paisajes sagrados, peregrinaciones y ritos. Universidad de Jaén. 2021.
- RUIZ, A.; MOLINOS, M. Los íberos. Análisis arqueológico de un proceso histórico. Grijalbo. 1993.
- TARRADELL, M. Arte ibérico. Polígrafa. 1968.
- VV.AA. Revista de Estudios Ibéricos. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. 1994-1998.
PARALLELS:
Fig. 1 Chariot finial with a wolf's head. Cortijo de Maquiz, Mengíbar (Jaén), 4th c. BC Bronze. National Archaeological Museum, Madrid, inv. 1970/54/1.
Fig. 2 Vase fragment (votive offering) with a wolf's head. El Amarejo, Bonete (Albacete), 4th-3rd c. BC. Polychrome pottery. Museum of Albacete, inv. CE09868.
Fig. 3 Bear votive offering. Sanctuary of Collado de los Jardines, Santa Elena (Jaén), 4th-1st century BC. Bronze. National Archaeological Museum, Madrid, inv. 29381.
Notes:
- The piece includes authenticity certificate.
- The piece includes Spanish Export License (Passport for European Union) - If the piece is destined outside the European Union a substitution of the export permit should be requested, can take between 1-2 weeks maximum.
- The seller guarantees that he acquired this piece according to all national and international laws related to the ownership of cultural property. Provenance statement seen by Catawiki.
賣家的故事
- 752
- 7
- 0
Venditore davvero ottimo e gentile. Merce come da descrizione, spedizione veloce. Ottimo l'avere certificato di autenticità.
查看翻譯Un 100 como empresa un 100 como envío . Empresa muy especial con mucha exquisitez en todos los productos y en personal . Muchas gracias
查看翻譯All well! Thanks.
查看翻譯Very nice and fine cut little jewel! Well packed too! Thanks!
查看翻譯nice piece and very fast shipping!
查看翻譯Es una maravilla de moneda, donde se le nota los pasos de los años y me encanta. Servido muy rápido y bien empaquetado. Con su certificación. Qué más se puede pedir?
查看翻譯Snelle en correcte levering, alleen was de verpakking voor het schilderij niet stevig genoeg.
查看翻譯Herzlichen Dank!
查看翻譯All OK and with very fast shipping.
查看翻譯Prachtig schilderij. Zo blij mee. Zeer nette verkoper en zeer snelle levering.
查看翻譯perfect ! very fast and high quality delivery !
查看翻譯All well! Thanks.
查看翻譯Vendeur très professionnel, top +++×
查看翻譯Photos trop contrastées pour bien percevoir les défauts, mais ces défauts étaient visibles pour autant. Le "Bon état" est trompeur. Sinon, envoi rapide et correctement emballé. Frais de port exagérés.
查看翻譯Great communication, delivery and product. Came with a well made certificate of authenticity and good packaging. Overall very happy with the purchase! Delivery is a bit expensive, but I recommend it
查看翻譯Magnifique témoin du passé, envoyé avec tous les justificatifs, impeccable. Encore une fois très satisfait, un grand merci
查看翻譯Thank you for the Special offer and the fast shipping of this excellent piece of art!
查看翻譯very good description of the object, very good price for this rare item,. Fast sending (has been at my place 2 days after buying!). Definitely would buy again.
查看翻譯Sehr schön
查看翻譯As described, perfect logistic
查看翻譯great seller, everything came as should with certificate of authenticity
查看翻譯Exceptionally well packaged, description aligned with positing received
查看翻譯Really precious, but without sound...
查看翻譯Painting well packed and rapidly sent!
查看翻譯- 752
- 7
- 0
Pezzo come da descrizione, davvero notevole. Venditore molto consigliato in quanto gentile e disponibile. spedizione molto veloce. Ottimo!
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賣家保證並能證明該物品是合法取得的。 Catawiki 通知賣家,他們必須提供其居住國法律要求的文件。 賣家保證並有權出售/出口此物品。 賣家將向買家提供有關該物品的所有已知來源的資訊。 賣家確保已/將安排任何必要的許可證明。 賣家將立即通知買家有關獲得此類許可時的任何延誤。
賣家保證並能證明該物品是合法取得的。 Catawiki 通知賣家,他們必須提供其居住國法律要求的文件。 賣家保證並有權出售/出口此物品。 賣家將向買家提供有關該物品的所有已知來源的資訊。 賣家確保已/將安排任何必要的許可證明。 賣家將立即通知買家有關獲得此類許可時的任何延誤。