Chupicuaro，墨西哥， Terracotta 图。 高度 8 cm。公元前500年—公元200年。西班牙出口许可证

Figure -nice piece-

Chupicuaro，墨西哥，公元前500年 - 公元200年。

Terracotta

8 cm 高度。

Provenance:
- 私人收藏，J. R.（1928 - 2013），巴塞罗那，1950年-2000年间形成。此后由其后代继承。

DOCUMENTS:
- 西班牙出口许可。

Condition: 良好，请见照片。

This culture’s territory was located in what is now the far north of Mexico, in the area of the states of Jalisco, Nayarit, Colima, Guerrero, Michoacán, and particularly Guanajuato. -> 该文化的分布区位于现今墨西哥最北部地区，涵盖哈利斯科州、纳亚里特州、科利马州、格雷罗州、米却肯州，尤以瓜纳华托州为特征。

The region comprises three types of natural landscape: plateaus, volcanic mountain ranges, and grasslands. -> 该地区由三种自然景观组成：高原、火山山脉和草原。

The grasslands are semi-tropical while the other areas have a temperate climate. -> 草原属于半热带气候，其他地区气候则为温带。

The Chupícuaro produced polished ceramics decorated mainly with black and cream geometrical designs on a red background. -> Chupícuaro 主要制作抛光陶器，饰以黑色和奶油色几何纹样，底色为红色。

The ceramic forms they made include bowls with conical bases, dishes, and some bottles with stirrup handles. -> 其器形包括底部成锥形的碗、盘子以及带镫形把手的瓶子。

Multicolored human figurines were also made and decorated with the same designs used on their dishes, with barely discernable facial features. -> 还制造多彩的人像陶塑，饰以与盘子相同的纹样，面部特征几乎不可辨认。

The best known Chupícuaro female figurines are the “diagonal eyed” figures, which were occasionally painted in vivid colors but usually left unpainted and finely decorated with appliqués of clay and clay slip. -> 最知名的Chupícuaro女性陶像是“对角眼”形象，偶尔涂以鲜艳色彩，但通常保持素色，细致地用粘土贴花和泥浆装饰。

These figures are mostly represented nude and with clearly female anatomy, but some pieces are wearing elaborate headdresses and clothing, and all sport unique hairstyles and body decorations. -> 这些雕像大多裸露，清晰呈现女性解剖特征，但亦有带有华丽头饰和服装的作品，皆具独特发型与身体装饰。

The figurines date from the last stage of the ancient tradition of female representations that began with the Tlatilco culture. -> 这些雕像来自于以特拉特里科文化为起点的古代女性形象传统的最后阶段。

The Chupícuaro also produced ceramic flutes, ocarinas, and earpieces, and used bone and seashell to make a wide variety of ornaments. -> Chupícuaro 还制作陶制长笛、吹管和耳饰，并用骨头和贝壳制作各种饰品。

The Chupícuaro buried their dead in simple tombs that were 1.5-2 meters deep. -> Chupícuaro 将死者安葬在简单的墓穴中，深度约1.5-2米。

The bodies were laid out on their backs and in no fixed orientation, although graves are often found around tecuiles or fire sites. -> 死者仰卧，方向不固定，尽管墓地常在神龛或火堆周围发现。

Other earlier gravesites are marked with balls of rock. -> 早期墓地以石球标记。

Abundant offerings are found near the graves, including ceramic items, figurines, and jade ornaments. -> 墓旁常有丰富的供品，包括陶器、陶像和玉饰。

In some cases, dogs were carefully buried alongside the deceased, perhaps in order to guide their owners to the next world. -> 有时会将犬只安葬在死者身旁，或许是为了引导主人进入来世。

Urn burials ascribed to the Chupícuaro have also been found, as well as uncontextualized decapitated skulls, which has been interpreted as evidence of headhunting. -> 也发现归属于Chupícuaro的骨灰坛埋葬，以及无特定情境的斩首头骨，被解读为猎头的证据。

Notes:
- The piece includes authenticity certificate. -> 本件包含真实性证书。
- The piece includes Spanish Export License (Passport for European Union). NOT TAXES. -> 本件包含西班牙出口许可（欧盟护照）。非税务。
- According to Spanish legislation, items sent outside the European Union are subject to export taxes and will be added to the invoice, at the buyer's expense. These export fees are fixed on the final auction price and the tax rate is not applied directly on the total value of the item to be exported, but rather the different percentages by sections are applied to it:
- Up to 6,000 euros: 5%. -> 高达6,000欧元，税率5%。
- From 6,001 to 60,000 euros: 10%. -> 6,001至60,000欧元，税率10%。
This export permit application process can take between 1-2 months maximum. -> 此出口许可申请过程最长1-2个月。
- The seller guarantees that he acquired this piece according to all national and international laws related to the ownership of cultural property. Provenance statement seen by Catawiki. -> 卖方保证其取得本件符合关于文化财产所有权的所有国家与国际法。来历声明已被 Catawiki 查阅。