西班牙. 1720 pesetas 1894

This seventh document is a "Primera de Cambio" (commercial bill of exchange) issued in Barcelona (Spain) on February 1, 1895.
The title features a magnificent black intaglio header with the elaborate security inscription "Hasta el endoso de Antonio Freixa" (Until the endorsement by Antonio Freixa).
It is a piece of great significance for the study of monetary circulation and domestic wine trade in late 19th-century Spain.
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# Description and analysis of the document

* Financial Transaction: The bill is issued for the amount of 1,720 pesetas ("Por Ptas 1.720"). It orders payment on the next April 1 to the beneficiary Don Jaime Oliveras of Barcelona.
* The Wine Trade Route: The bill is addressed to the firm "Sres. Gutiérrez Hermanos" in Jerez de la Frontera (the famous Sherry winery already encountered in previous lots). On the left margin there is a handwritten note in red ink indicating the supporting bankers in case of necessity: "Sres. Diez Vergara y C.ª". This demonstrates the close business and supply link between the Catalan distributors and the large Andalusian wine producers.
* Official Stamps and Cancellations: On the front there are two oval stamps in black from the Banco de España - Jerez (one with internal registration number 29.131).
* The Back and the History of Endorsements: The second photo shows the incredible journey of the title through handwritten endorsements:
1. From Jaime Oliveras in favor of Sres. Busá y Durán (Barcelona, 1 February 1895)
2. From Busá y Durán in favor of Don Antonio Freixa (Barcelona, 14 March 1895)
3. From Antonio Freixa in favor of the Banco de España, with the official blue oval stamp of the "Sucursal en Barcelona" dated 26 March 1895.
4. At the bottom, the final stamp "RECIBI" (Received) of the cashier of the Banco de España branch in Jerez de la Frontera, certifying payment made and the closing of the bill

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# Important Personalities and Historical Context

1. Antonio Freixa: A prominent and influential Catalan merchant and industrialist dynasty of the 19th century, active in finance and large-scale goods trade. His name is printed directly on the module sheet as a guarantee of title protection.
2. Gutiérrez Hermanos: The historic wine company of Jerez. This document attests to their payment channels toward Catalonia, highlighting the complex network of banking institutions (including the Banco de España) used to settle wine shipment accounts.
3. Diez Vergara y C.ª: Another historic and very important dynasty of producers and bankers from Jerez de la Frontera, active since the previous century in Sherry trade.

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# Estimated commercial value
European financial documents from the late 19th century linked to the Banco de España, rich in stamps from different branches (Barcelona and Jerez) and closely connected to the history of the great Andalusian bodegas, are highly sought after by Iberian scripophiles. The condition is excellent: the paper has a beautiful patina, the handwriting in brown and purple ink is clear, and the back stamps are exceptionally legible.

* Estimated value of the document: Consistently between €50 and €95.
* Premium elements: The richness of the chain of endorsements on the back, the double validation by the Spanish central bank (Banco de España), and the exceptional preservation of the closing stamps in Jerez push the value toward the higher end of the category.
IA description help
Excellent historical value of Scripophilia
They are preserved in A4 PVC envelopes.
Good preservation. See the image for a correct impression
Shipped by Registered Mail with tracking included and Protected Packaging.