古埃及，阿玛纳时期 Faience 圣甲虫，阿蒙霍特普三世在位时期，原属博物馆收藏

ITEM: Scarab, reign of Amenhotep III
MATERIAL: Faience
CULTURE: 埃及
PERIOD: 阿玛纳时期，公元前1391–1353年
DIMENSIONS: 6 mm x 10 mm
CONDITION: 状况良好
PROVENANCE: 来自德国 Biblical Archaeology 工作组博物馆展品（退库）

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Scarab amulets from the Amarna Period, particularly during the reign of Amenhotep III (circa 1391–1353 BCE), represent both continuity and innovation in Egyptian religious and artistic practices. Scarabs had long been used in ancient Egypt as protective amulets, symbols of rebirth, and tokens of personal identity. During Amenhotep III’s reign—an era of immense wealth, artistic refinement, and growing religious experimentation—scarabs continued to hold deep symbolic importance while often serving as diplomatic gifts or royal propaganda tools.

阿玛纳时期的甲虫护符，特别是在阿蒙霍特普三世在位时期（公元前约1391–1353年），代表了埃及宗教与艺术实践中的连续性与创新。甲虫护符长期以来在古埃及用于保护性护符、再生的象征以及个人身份的标记。在阿蒙霍特普三世在位、一个财富极大、艺术 refined、宗教实验日益增多的时代，甲虫护符继续具有深刻的象征意义，同时常作为外交礼物或王权宣传工具使用。

Scarab amulets from this period were typically made of glazed steatite or faience and bore inscriptions on their flat undersides. These could include the names and titles of the king, deities, or references to specific events. Under Amenhotep III, a distinctive group of large “commemorative scarabs” was produced, bearing long inscriptions detailing royal achievements such as lion hunts, building projects, or diplomatic marriages. These were widely distributed throughout the Near East, emphasizing the pharaoh’s power and divine favor.

本时期的甲虫护符通常以釉彩滑石或陶光料制成，平底面带有铭文。这些铭文可能包括王的姓名与头衔、神祇，或特定事件的记载。在阿蒙霍特普三世时期，出现了一组独特的大型“纪念性甲虫”，其铭文冗长，记录如狮子猎猎、建筑工程或外交婚配等王权成就。这些护符被广泛分布于近东地区，强调法老的力量与神圣庇佑。

Artistically, Amarna Period scarabs often reflect the increasing stylization and realism that characterized the broader visual culture of the time. While most still maintained the traditional beetle form associated with the god Khepri, some scarabs began to show more fluid and dynamic shapes, influenced by the artistic reforms that would fully blossom under Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten). The craftsmanship of these amulets was high, with finely carved hieroglyphs and smooth, glossy glazes in shades of blue and green—colors linked to life, regeneration, and the Nile.

在艺术上，阿玛纳时期的甲虫护符常反映出当时更为日益定型化和写实的视觉文化特征。尽管大多数仍保持与克赫布相关的传统甲虫形态，但一些护符开始呈现出更加流畅且充满活力的形状，受到在阿肯那吞时期（阿蒙霍特普四世）将要全面绽放的艺术改革影响。这些护符的工艺水平很高，象形文字雕刻精细，釉面光滑发亮，呈现出蓝与绿的色调——这些颜色与生命、再生以及尼罗河有关。

In both funerary and diplomatic contexts, these scarabs served to reinforce the divine nature of the king and the protective power of Egyptian symbolism. Their widespread discovery—from Egyptian tombs to Levantine palaces—attests to Egypt’s far-reaching influence during Amenhotep III’s reign.

在葬礼和外交场合，这些甲虫护符用以强化王权的神圣性以及埃及符号的保护力量。它们的广泛出土范围——从埃及墓室到黎凡特的宫殿——证明了阿蒙霍特普三世在位期间埃及的深远影响。）