尼科亚 - 瓜纳卡斯特省，哥斯达黎加 石, 軟玉 Axe God. 高度 10,8 cm。西班牙进口许可证。

Axe God

- 极其精美 -

- 经过精制打磨良好 -

Nicoya - Guanacaste, Costa Rica · c. 600 - 900 AD
Nicoya - Guanacaste，哥斯达黎加 · 公元约600-900年

Green stone, Nephrite
绿色石材，软玉（硬玉属 nephrite）

10,8 cm height.
高度10.8厘米。

PROVENANCE:
出处：
- Private collection, Bllom, Miami, Florida, 1970 - 1980.
- 私人收藏，Bloom，迈阿密，佛罗里达，1970-1980年。
- Private collection, New York, acquierd in the art market, 2001.
- 私人收藏，纽约，在艺术市场购买，2001年。

Condition: Very Good, beautiful stone quality.
状况：非常好，石材质量美观。

Documents: With Spanish Export license.
文件：具西班牙出口许可证。

A string cut example with stylized geometric human features in low relief and drilled eyes. Perforated laterally through neck for suspension.
一件带有极简几何人像造型的低浮雕切割样本，眼睛为镂空钻孔。颈部两侧穿孔以便悬挂。

Nephrite is one of the two mineral forms of jade, the other being jadeite. It has been valued for thousands of years in various cultures for its beauty, durability, and symbolic significance. Here’s more about nephrite:
硬玉是玉的两种矿物形态之一，另一种是翡翠玉。数千年来在多种文化中因其美观、耐久和象征意义而受到珍视。以下是关于软玉的更多信息：

Mineral Class: Amphibole group, specifically a form of actinolite.
矿物族：角闪石科，具体为透闪石的一种形式（actinolite）.
Color: Typically green, creamy white (known as "mutton fat jade"), brown, or gray. The green color is due to iron content.
颜色：通常为绿色、奶油白色（俗称“羊脂玉”）、棕色或灰色。绿色来自铁含量。
Texture: Smooth and compact, with a fibrous structure that contributes to its exceptional toughness.
质地：光滑致密，具纤维状结构，增强其出色韧性。
Hardness: 6–6.5 on the Mohs scale, making it slightly softer than jadeite.
硬度：莫氏6–6.5，比翡翠玉稍软。

The green stone was considered sacred in Mesoamerica; It was associated with water, the fertility of corn and life, therefore linking itself with the preservation of the agricultural cycle. Among these stones, the most appreciated was jade (jadeite), considered more valuable than gold and a key material at a religious, political and economic level throughout the region. It was reserved for the adornment of gods and kings, and even the latter could only wear it on certain occasions. Considered a symbol of life and purity, jade was especially used to make jewelry pieces such as pendants, nose rings or ear cuffs. Jadeite pendants were therefore highly prized objects, loaded with symbolic and religious meaning and only exhibited by the most powerful members of society.
中美洲地区的绿色石头被视为神圣，象征水、玉米的丰饶与生命，与农业循环的维持相关。在这些石头中，最受珍惜的是玉石（翡翠玉），被认为比黄金更宝贵，是宗教、政治和经济层面的关键材料，专用于神明和王的装饰，连后者也只能在特定场合佩戴。玉被视为生命与纯洁的象征，尤其用于制作项坠、鼻环或耳圈等珠宝。翡翠玉的坠饰因此成为极为珍贵的物品，承载丰富的象征与宗教意义，只有社会中最有权势的人物才会展出。

Greater Nicoya is an archaeological region that covers northwest Costa Rica and the Pacific coast of Nicaragua. The Southern Subregion, or Guanacaste, occupies the Nicoya peninsula, the Tempisque River basin and the Guanacaste and Tilarán mountain ranges. This is an area with human occupation for about 10,000 years, and important remains of material culture in ceramics, carved stone and jade have already been found in the Tempisque period (500-300 BC). In the Bagaces period (300-800 AD) there was already a complex social organization that was reflected in a greater variety in burial formulas, which included the use of large stone blocks. Around the year 800, the territory of Guanacaste was occupied by Chorotega groups from the north, from the Valley of Mexico, who were fleeing Olmec domination. This migration will bring the cultural influence of the Mayans and form the germ of the Kingdom of Nicoya, one of the main pre-Columbian chiefdoms existing in Mesoamerica upon the arrival of the Spanish.
大尼科亚是一个考古区，覆盖哥斯达黎加西北部和尼加拉瓜太平洋沿岸。南部分区，或称瓜纳卡斯特省，位于尼科亚半岛、坦皮斯基河盆地及瓜纳卡斯特与蒂拉兰山脉之区域。这一带有人类居住已有约10,000年，Tempisque时期（公元前500-300年）已出土了重要的陶器、刻石和玉石物质文化遗存。在Bagaces时期（公元300-800年），已有较为复杂的社会组织， burial形式更加多样，包括使用大型石块。约在公元800年左右，瓜纳卡斯特境地被来自北方的Chorotega部落占据，这些部落来自墨西哥谷地，逃离奥尔美克统治。这次迁移将带来玛雅文化的影响，形成尼科亚王国的雏形，在西班牙人到来时成为中美洲最重要的前哥伦布时期酋邦之一。