ITEM: Oil lamp depicting a bust MATERIAL: Pottery CULTURE: Roman PERIOD: 2nd - 3rd Century A.D DIMENSIONS: 55 mm x 85 mm x 128 mm CONDITION: Good condition PROVENANCE: Ex Dutch private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 Roman oil lamps, known as "lucernae," were a vital aspect of daily life in ancient Rome, serving as the primary source of artificial light. These lamps were typically made from clay, although bronze and other metals were sometimes used for more elaborate and expensive versions. The basic design of a Roman oil lamp included a reservoir to hold the oil, a wick inserted into a nozzle or spout, and often a handle for carrying. The simplicity and functionality of these lamps made them indispensable household items, used for lighting homes, streets, and public spaces, as well as for religious and funerary purposes. The production and design of Roman oil lamps evolved over time, reflecting changes in technology, fashion, and social practices. Early Roman lamps were generally simple and utilitarian, but as the craft developed, they became more decorative and complex. Molds were used to mass-produce lamps with intricate designs and motifs, ranging from geometric patterns to detailed scenes from mythology, daily life, and nature. These decorations not only enhanced the aesthetic appeal of the lamps but also made them objects of cultural and artistic significance. Lamps could feature imagery of gods and goddesses, animals, gladiatorial combat, and erotic scenes, providing insights into Roman beliefs, values, and everyday activities. Roman oil lamps also held significant symbolic and ritual importance. In religious contexts, lamps were used in temples and household shrines, serving as offerings to deities and symbols of divine presence. They played a crucial role in various ceremonies and rituals, including funerary practices where lamps were placed in tombs to light the way for the deceased in the afterlife. Comes with Certificate of Authenticity and Export license If you bid outside the European Union and win the item, we will have to apply for an export licence for your country and shipping will take 3 to 5 weeks.