Művészet

Lakberendezés és dekoráció

Ékszerek és drágakövek

Órák, tollak és öngyújtók

Divat

Érmék és bélyegek

Képregények és animáció

Klasszikus autók, motorbiciklik, automobilia

Bor, whisky és szeszes italok

Ázsiai és törzsi művészet

Gyűjtőkártyák

Játékok és modellek

Régészet és természettudomány

Sportok

Zene, filmek és fényképezőgépek

Könyvek és történelmi emlékek

A legrégebbi és és legértékesebb könyvek {name} válogatásában

Ilaria Colombo

Ethiopian Coptic scroll or kitab amulet - Ethiopia.

This scroll  measures approximately  7 cm long and 3.5 cm wide.

Ethiopia has a complex religious history, experiencing Christian rule in the 4th century, then experiencing increasing Islamic influence in the 8th century. The earliest extant Ethiopian talismanic scrolls date to the 16th century, but are thought to be in use since the 10th century.The scrolls are an intermingling of all the Abrahamic faiths with indigenous African roots.As the scrolls are highly personalized, their purposes vary, but serve three broad functions: to protect and heal, to exert external influence, and to practice ritual employment. The scrolls are part of a larger ritual tradition rooted in Christian Exorcism Practices.

The scrolls are written in Geʽez, which has few remaining speakers, but is the official liturgical language of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. To activate the scrolls, a third-party interpreter literate in Geʽez must read the scroll to the afflicted. The scrolls treat illness by extracting demons from the patient's body. They are commissioned by the patient from an unordained religious figure in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church known as a dabatara. Dabataras craft each scroll to the specialized needs of the patient seeking help, traditionally utilizing animal hide. The creation process involves a sacrificial ritual to obtain the hide, with the animal symbolizing the afflicted patron of the scroll.

Ethiopian talismanic scrolls served three main functions: protection and healing of one's self, exerting external influence, and practical ritual employment.

The healing functions of these scrolls were often utilized in conjunction with homeopathic medicines. In this sense, the talismanic properties of the scroll treat the spiritual cause of an ailment, while the ingestible medicine treats the symptoms of said ailment. To invoke its healing powers, a third-party interpreter must read the scroll to the sick. This is because the majority of these artifacts are written in Ge'ez, a liturgical language with few remaining speakers. Additionally, the sick can drape the scroll around their body or neck, with the expectation that proximity would pull the affliction out of them. The scrolls are similarly worn for protection, warding off several potential threats, ranging in severity from bed bugs, to home intruders, to smallpox.

Crafted by dabtaras, each scroll is customized in accordance to a patron's astrologically derived guidelines. The scroll-making process is a ritual of its own, engendering a symbolic relationship between scroll and patron by sacrificing the animal (often goat or sheep) to represent the afflicted. In crafting this spiritually protective connection, a patron must be rubbed by and bathed in the contents of the animal. Following the parchment process, scrolls are measured and cut based on the desired function of the patron. Scrolls cut to the height of a patient provide head-to-toe protection and are typically hung around the neck or in a case, while lengthier scrolls are hung up on walls to ward off demons.

Talismanic scrolls with Islamic influence may contain apotropaic prayers drawn from the Qur'an to expel ailments and demons. Many of the verses inscribed on talismans are obtained through divinatory practices. For example, the numerical alignment of a name with an astrological sign or divination table readings are used to determine the elements incorporated in a client's scroll.

While talismanic scrolls generally had a multitude of functions, historical manuscripts display a majority use in women's health conditions: namely childbirth, menstruation, miscarriages, and infertility. This suggests a greater attentiveness to women and reproductive health, reflecting the broader context of Ethiopian life. The knowledge of Ethiopian scroll commissioners otherwise remains enigmatic.

The iconography of the scrolls includes important symbols, common colors, and the association between gaze and eyes. Talismans and representational images coexist on most scrolls.

Common figures in these scrolls are crosses and a face within an eight-pointed star. The cross is an object of veneration in Ethiopia, separating Christians from Muslims, while the eight-pointed star is a common ancient motif. The eight points refer to the four directions of the talisman's protection, while the face, known as gätsä säb' e ("face of a person") relates to the prayer that goes with the talisman. Other common symbols are X's, small checks with prayers, and angels. The scrolls also feature magic squares, ciphers, and angelic and divine names.

Gazing as a mode of activation is rooted in Islamic healing practices, and eyes play a prominent role in these talismans. Eyes may not always be depicted with other parts of the body, but they are never isolated; they fit within geometric motifs in pairs, symmetrically and obliquely, within the composition's axes. In this way, an eye can sometimes represent a whole figure. Within Ethiopian culture in general, eyes represent beauty and hold power. They also symbolize divine light that drives away the darkness of demons and disease.

The use of color in scrolls suggests a figurative logic, emphasizing a tendency to interpret seals in portrait terms. Common colors are black, white, red, blue, green, and yellow. Eyes and the ornamentation around them are frequently rimmed with red. Faces are also often painted red, a result of painters in the fifteenth century attempting to depict flesh tones through the utilization of pink ochre. On the other hand, points of stars and clothing tend to be painted blue.

Mennyiség: 1 - Biblia

African Ethiopian Coptic Leather scroll or kitab amulet - Ethiopia. - 1850

Autómodellek

Minimálár

Nincs minimálár

Költségkeret

Címzett:

Feladó:

Zárási dátum

vasárnap

20 szeptember

18 szeptember

Holnap

21 szeptember

kedd

hétfő

17 szeptember

szombat

szerda

19 szeptember

22 szeptember

24 szeptember

Helyszín

Olaszország

Hollandia

Franciaország

Belgium

Spanyolország

Németország

Portugália

Ciprus

Románia

Japán

Dánia

Hongkong

Egyesült Királyság

Svájc

Horvátország

Ausztria

Litvánia

Görögország

Lengyelország

Egyesült Államok

Svédország

Írország

Szlovákia

Törökország

Csehország

Márka

Hot Wheels

Minichamps

Mattel

Norev

GT Spirit

Solido

Otto Mobile

Bburago

Tecnomodel

Franklin Mint

Autoart

Matchbox

Tamiya

Spark

Altaya

Kyosho

Maisto

Corgi

Schuco

Hachette

Pocher

Look Smart

Danbury Mint

Tárgy

Modell autó

Modell sportkocsi

Modell versenyautó

Modell készlet

Modell teherautó

Modell szedán

Modell motorbicikli

Modell kupé

Hajómodell

Modell kabrió autó

Automobilia

Modell kisteherautó

Féltestű hajómodell

Modell busz

Modell jármű

Modell kis városi autó

Vájatvezetéses autóversenypálya

Emléktárgyak gyűjteménye

Játék

Jachtmodell

Játékautó

Kiállítási hajómodell

Hajóépítők hajómodellje

Modell földmunkagép

Country of origin

Ázsia

Argentína

Kanada

Észak-Amerika

Nagy-Britannia

U.S.

Ismeretlen

Anyag

Öntött

Gyanta

Műanyag

Fehér fém

Fém

Állapot

Újszerű

Nagyon jó

Használt

Megfelelő

Közel újszerű

Kiváló

Hiányos

Mintha új lenne - nem használt

Gyenge

Extrák

Eredeti dobozban

Eredeti, lezárt dobozban

Eredeti doboz nékül

Pótolt dobozzal

with original box

Dobozzal

Limitált kiadás

sértetlen, lezárt eredeti dobozban

framed

with manual in opened box

Számozott

doboz nélkül

sérült, nyitott eredeti dobozban

in sealed box

without manual

Időszak

2020+

1960-1970

1990-2000

1970-1980

1950-1960

1980-1990

2000-2010

2010-2020

2025

2023

1930-1940

2024

1940-1950

2022

2026

2021

2020

1920-1930

1900-1910

1910-1920

1850-1900

Mid 20th century

1700-1750

Szín

Piros

Többszínű

Fehér

Kék

Fekete

Sárga

Zöld

Ezüst

Szürke

Narancssárga

Arany

Barna

Lila

Mérték

1:18

1:43

1:64

1:12

1:24

1:20

Autómodellek

Ez a tárgy már nem elérhető, de még mindig maradt felfedeznivaló

African Ethiopian Coptic Leather scroll or kitab amulet - Ethiopia. - 1850

2458 tárgy

Kapcsolódó gyűjtemények