Tietea Singularis Fossil Locality: Tocantins, Brazil Geological Age: Permian Period Size: 14.6 × 13 × 1.5 cm This fossil belongs to the extinct fern group of the Class Filicopsida, Order Marattiales. These plants thrived in terrestrial environments from the Carboniferous to the Permian Period and are now extinct. The specimen was discovered in the Permian strata of Tocantins, Brazil. During the Carboniferous Period, tree ferns, together with lycopsids and horsetails, formed vast terrestrial forests that contributed to the formation of today’s rich coal deposits. The Brazilian tree fern could grow up to several meters in height. Unlike modern woody trees, its trunk lacked annual growth rings and was instead composed of radiating vascular bundles. This polished fossil slice clearly reveals the central structure formed by numerous curved lines—the vascular bundles of the xylem tissue—surrounded by aerial roots, with traces of leaf bases also visible. The specimen is exceptionally well-preserved and holds high value for both display and scientific study.