Scientific name: †Ursus spelaeus (Rosenmüller, 1794) - Cave Bear - Lower Dentary Molar Tooth (M1) Location: Cave located in Poland Geological Formation: Found in the sediments of a deep Cave or cavern Age: Late Pleistocene, Quaternary period (~50.000 Years) Size: 3cm REF.: #S454 DESCRIPTION: Observations: Impressive rooted lower dentary molar tooth (M1) belonging to the famous and enormous Ice Age cave bear (Ursus spelaeus). Completely natural, without restorations or repairs. Only a colorless professional stabilizer called Paraloid B72 has been applied to ensure its proper preservation. These types of teeth, found inside caves, have been exposed to extremely high humidity levels for thousands of years. When they are unearthed from the caves, the moisture within their structure begins to evaporate, and they dehydrate rapidly, leading to fracturing and rapid degradation of the fossil. For this reason, it is important to apply this professional lab paleontological protection. Teeth and bones that fossilize inside caves usually display beautiful dark, bluish, and highly varied colors. This is because mineralized water containing iron and manganese oxides circulated in the sediments where they fossilized along thousands of years. These oxides also percolate into the structure of the bones and teeth, mineralizing them. Sometimes, most of these colors are due to pyrolusite (manganese oxide). All of our fossils come with a Certificate of Authenticity. Every week, the issued Certificates of Authenticity are updated in our database verification system on our website. If you find that your certificate has not yet been updated, please contact us and we will update it immediately. Display box included. IMPORTANT SHIPPING INFORMATION: Our company is based in the USA, but our headquarters and products are located in Europe. Therefore, ALL PRODUCTS WILL BE SHIPPED FROM EUROPE. Consequently, any European customer will receive their shipment without any import charges, as it will be an intra-community shipment. For customers in the USA: Shipments will be made via UPS from Europe, and in this case, we will be responsible for any import charges. These will be paid online by us before the package arrives. Therefore, US customers will not pay any import fees. For the rest of the world: We are not responsible for any import charges applicable to the destination country.