Pair of hand-painted Taisho–Showa era Kutani vases, marked 種玉堂造 and 種長宣造, with ornate red-gold enamel and studio marks. This pair of hand-painted Kutani porcelain vases dates to the Taisho–early Showa period (circa 1915–1940). Each vase features a bulbous base and elongated neck, richly decorated in the classic aka-e kinrande style with vibrant red, black, and gold enamel. The floral and scroll motifs are meticulously applied over a crackle-glazed porcelain body, showcasing the refined craftsmanship of the Kutani tradition. • Origin: Japan, Ishikawa Prefecture • Period: Taisho–early Showa (approx. 1915–1940) • Decoration: Overglaze enamel in red, gold, and black • Marks: o Vase 1: 目林九谷 / 種玉堂造 (“Made by Shugutokudō”) o Vase 2: 目林九谷 / 種長宣造 (“Made by Shuchōsen”) • Condition: expert repair to one top rim sand small chip on the other rim, otherwise no cracks or chips Marks Interpretation Left Vase • 目林九谷 (Mokurin Kutani): Likely a poetic or studio name. "Mokurin" could refer to a forest motif or be a personal/artistic pseudonym. • 種玉堂造 (Shugutokudō-zō): "Made by Shugutokudō" — a kiln or studio name. The suffix 造 (zō) means "made by." Right Vase • 目林九谷 (Mokurin Kutani): Same as above — suggests the pair was made by the same studio. • 種長宣造 (Shuchōsen-zō): "Made by Shuchōsen" — possibly a different artisan or sub-studio within the same workshop. The two vases are near identical, the last four images show one vase from four sides