Crusader Era Bronze Ring Object Type: Ring Period: Crusader Era Dating: ca. 11th–13th century AD Technique: Casting, surface finishing Dimensions: D. 23.8 mm ± I. 19.4 mm ± Weight: 5.11 gr Description This ring is identified as a bronze example from the Medieval Crusader period, bearing apotropaic (protective) symbolism. The elliptical symbol at the center of the bezel may be associated with an abstract concept of a protective eye, a motif widely understood in medieval knightly culture as a safeguard against the evil eye and harmful gazes. Within the context of the Crusades, particularly among knights, belief in the destructive power of envious or malevolent looks was prevalent. As a result, eye symbolism was often rendered indirectly rather than through explicit depiction. The surrounding geometric and linear arrangement functions to frame and neutralize the gaze, emphasizing protection through abstraction. The ring may therefore be interpreted as a personal protective object, reflecting medieval knightly concerns with spiritual defense, vigilance, and symbolic protection rather than decorative display. GENERAL INFORMATION Provenance This object was acquired at an auction associated with N.K.I. Auction House (Germany, 2025) and subsequently purchased by its previous owner N.A. (Netherlands, 2026), from whom it has passed to me in its present condition. In accordance with applicable privacy and data-protection regulations, third-party personal information is not disclosed. We hold the legal sales documentation (invoice) relating to this object. Visual Presentation The object has been photographed using a high-resolution camera and presented through an artistic approach. No alterations have been made to the object’s form or physical characteristics; only minor color balancing has been applied. Upon request, museum-catalogue-standard technical photographs can be provided by email while the auction is ongoing. Cultural Period and Iconographic Assessment Report Upon request, prior to shipment, a ''Cultural Period and Iconographic Assessment Expert Report'', together with a signed ownership document issued in your name, can be provided in PDF format within 3–5 business days. Technical Notice Regarding Descriptions Information concerning the dating, function, and symbolic meaning of ancient and archaeological objects may not always be definitive. Assessments are based on typological comparisons, parallels in museum collections, and expert opinion. Symbols and marks on objects do not necessarily carry fixed meanings outside generally accepted interpretations. Material identifications represent high-probability assessments based on technical observation; definitive conclusions require specialist laboratory analyses, which are not included within the scope of the platform’s sales process. Important Notice on Images and Measurements Before purchasing, prospective buyers are advised to review the images carefully and read the description in full. Measurements should be considered in conjunction with the images to accurately assess the object’s true size. High-resolution photographs can affect perceived scale, and some objects may appear larger in images than they are in hand. Evaluating images together with measurements is essential for a well-informed purchase. Sales Policy Customer satisfaction is adopted as a fundamental principle throughout the sales process. Accordingly, honesty, transparency, and accurate information are prioritized in the presentation of objects, and the most consistent and realistic assessments are provided based on the available data. Within this framework, no item is knowingly offered as a copy or imitation.