古罗马 红玛瑙石 凹版 - Aquila (eagle) 凹版画

罗马红玉髓石凹刻
帝国之鹰在祭坛上，夹在旌旗之间

- The Aquila (eagle) was the principal sacred standard of a Roman legion and embodied the legion’s spirit, honor, and identity. -> - 鹰旗（Aquila）是罗马军团的主要神圣标准，体现军团的精神、荣誉与身份。
- It served as the legion’s rallying point in battle and on the march; troops looked to it for direction and morale. -> - 它在战斗与行军中是军团的集结点，士兵以之为方向与士气的指引。
- The standard was legally and religiously protected; the aquilifer (eagle-bearer) was a highly honored and trusted soldier. -> - 旌旗受到法律与宗教的保护；携鹰者是一名备受尊崇、深受信赖的士兵。
- Losing an Aquila was a catastrophic disgrace for a legion and for Rome’s prestige; recovering a lost eagle became a political and military imperative. -> - 丢失鹰旗对军团与罗马的声望都是灾难性的耻辱；找回失鹰成为政治与军事的当务之急。
- Rituals and ceremonies surrounded the Aquila: sacrifices, oaths sworn to it, and formal consecration when presented to a legion. -> - 仪式与典礼环绕鹰旗：献祭、对其宣誓，以及在交付给军团时的正式奉献。
- Symbolically it linked the legion to Rome and to divine favor (often associated with Jupiter), reinforcing loyalty and the sacral character of military service. -> - 从象征意义上，它将军团与罗马及神恩联系在一起（常与宙斯/Jupiter 相连），强化忠诚与军事职业的神圣性质。
- Physically it was typically a bronze or silver eagle mounted atop a staff, richly treated and jealously guarded. -> - 就物理形态而言，通常是一只青铜或银制鹰，安置在桅杆顶端，装饰华美并受到悉心守护。

Circa 1st.-2nd. C. A.D.
Measurments:13.9mm.

Provence acquired object in 1990
In the London art market
Previous private English collection

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