古罗马 黄铜色 军事文凭碎片

ITEM: 军事文凭碎片，铭文
MATERIAL: 青铜
CULTURE: 罗马
PERIOD: 公元2-3世纪
DIMENSIONS: 26 毫米 x 28 毫米
CONDITION: 状态良好
PROVENANCE: 来自德国私人收藏，取得时间介于1980-1990年

Comes with Certificate of Authenticity and Export license.
附有真实性证书和出口许可证。

If you bid outside the European Union and win the item, we will have to apply for an export licence for your country and shipping will take 3 to 5 weeks.
如果您的出价来自欧盟以外且中标，我们将为贵国申请出口许可，运输时间为3至5周。

Roman military diplomas were official documents issued to auxiliary soldiers (non-citizen troops) upon their honorable discharge from the Roman army, typically after 25 years of service. These diplomas granted them Roman citizenship, a significant legal and social upgrade, as well as the right to marry—something auxiliary soldiers were legally restricted from doing during their active service. The privilege often extended to the soldier’s children and spouse, retroactively legitimizing relationships and offspring. The diploma served both as a reward and a record of legal rights earned through long service.
罗马军事文凭是官方文件，在辅助兵（非公民部队）从罗马军队光荣退役时签发，通常在服役25年后。这类文凭赋予他们罗马公民身份，这是一次重大的法律与社会提升，以及婚姻权——在现役服役期间，辅助兵依法被禁止结婚。这项特权往往延及士兵的子女与配偶，追溯地合法化关系与子嗣。文凭既是奖励，也是通过长期服役获得的法律权利的记录。

Physically, a Roman military diploma was made of two bronze tablets, hinged together like a book. The inner text was engraved with the full legal formula and details of the grant, including the name of the emperor, the unit in which the soldier had served, and the date. The outer side bore a copy of the same text and names of witnesses, which were sealed under the fold for protection and authenticity. These diplomas were given to the individual veteran, who could use it to prove their status to local authorities or in legal matters.
从物理结构上讲，罗马军事文凭由两块青铜板铰接在一起，如同一本书。内页文字刻有完整的法律条文和授予细节，包括皇帝的名字、士兵所服役的单位以及日期。外侧则印有同样文本的副本以及证人的名字，并在折叠处封存以保护与证明真实性。这些文凭颁给个人退伍军人，他们可以用它向地方当局或在法律事务中证明自己的身份。

Beyond their personal importance, these diplomas are now invaluable to historians and archaeologists. They provide concrete evidence of Roman military organization, recruitment patterns, and the geographic spread of military service. The names of emperors and units help to date and locate military activity, while the personal names of soldiers give insight into the ethnic diversity of the Roman army. As such, each diploma contributes to a broader understanding of Roman imperial administration, citizenship policy, and social integration.