STARLEY - 自行车 - 2000年之前

詹姆斯·斯塔利1831年出生于英格兰萨塞克斯郡阿尔本恩。少年离家，前往伦敦南部的刘易莎姆（Lewisham）。他以园丁学徒的身份工作，业余时间喜欢修理钟表并制造机械装置。斯塔利的雇员约翰·彭购买了一台缝纫机。斯塔利在缝纫机坏了时修理并改进了其机构。彭认识了约西亚·特纳、牛顿、威尔逊及公司（Newton, Wilson and Company）的伙伴，这家公司制造这类机器，1859年斯塔利加入了他们在霍尔本的工厂。特纳与斯塔利在1861年以考文垂缝纫机公司（Coventry Sewing Machine Company）在考文垂开启了自己的事业。特纳的孙子于1868年带来了一辆法式脚踏车。公司因此开始生产自行车，考文垂很快成为英国自行车工业的中心。斯塔利的儿子们在1881年去世后仍继续制造自行车，但孙子约翰·肯普·斯塔利做得更多。约翰·肯普·斯塔利与萨顿共同分担了在1884-1885年发明现代自行车、带有安全车轮（safety bicycle）的功劳。」}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}