4 Mongolian–Tibetan Buddhist Ritual Woodblock Prints – Sacred Mandalas and Auspicious Symbols and Tibetan Buddhist Nine Sacred Deities – Bodhisattva and Tara Illustrations 1) A pair of Mongolian–Tibetan Buddhist ritual prints, featuring sacred geometric diagrams, traditional religious imagery and symbolic illustrations associated with the Vajrayana Buddhist tradition. This fascinating collection consists of two individual rectangular paper sheets of different sizes, tentatively dating to the late 19th or early 20th century. The larger illustration, measuring approximately 11 × 8 cm, displays an elaborate circular ritual diagram surrounded by inscriptions, geometric elements and decorative floral motifs. The central composition features several concentric circles containing sacred syllables and symbolic characters arranged around a geometric centre. The circular design resembles traditional Tibetan Buddhist mantra diagrams and protective talismans. Around the central diagram are additional symbolic elements, including smaller circular inscriptions, stylised floral decorations and ornamental patterns. The arrangement suggests a possible connection with Buddhist protective rituals, sacred formulas or traditional tantric religious practices. The smaller illustration, measuring approximately 11 × 4 cm, features four religious and symbolic representations arranged horizontally within a rectangular decorative border. Among the visible elements are a wheel-like symbol, a stylised multi-headed or flame-like form and two seated figures or deity-like representations resting upon lotus bases. These illustrations may represent auspicious Buddhist symbols, ritual offerings or religious figures associated with traditional Himalayan Buddhist iconography. The combination of symbolic imagery and sacred diagrams makes this pair particularly interesting as an example of traditional Buddhist religious printing. Both sheets appear to have been produced using traditional woodblock printing techniques, with black ink applied to naturally aged paper. The printing displays characteristic variations in ink density, uneven impressions and small irregularities, consistent with traditional printing methods. The precise meaning of the inscriptions and the identification of the individual religious symbols would require specialist translation and further iconographic study. The two prints are preserved in old and used condition, showing visible signs of age and traditional handling, including discoloration, staining, creases, worn edges, surface wear, small tears and minor paper losses. The larger sheet presents more noticeable wear and damage along the lower edge, while the smaller illustration retains its principal decorative composition. The overall appearance and artistic style are consistent with traditional Tibetan and Mongolian Buddhist religious paper objects, although the exact geographical origin, dating and printing technique cannot be independently confirmed from photographs alone. Object: Pair of Mongolian–Tibetan Buddhist Ritual Prints / Sacred Diagrams Tradition: Mongolian–Tibetan Buddhism / Vajrayana Buddhism Origin: Mongolia Period: late 19th to early 20th century Technique: Black ink illustrations on paper, possibly traditional woodblock prints Number of objects: 2 Dimensions: Larger print approx. 11 × 8 cm; smaller print approx. 11 × 4 cm Material: Paper Condition: Old and used condition with visible signs of age, discoloration, staining, creases, surface wear, worn edges, small tears and minor paper losses; please see photographs. 2) Antique Mongolian–Tibetan Buddhist Tantric Mandala – Protective Mantra Amulet – Woodblock Print – Mongolia – Late 19th to Early 20th Century An interesting and uncommon Mongolian–Tibetan Buddhist tantric mandala amulet, associated with the traditional ritual and protective practices of Vajrayana Buddhism and tentatively dating to the late 19th or early 20th century. This fascinating single-sheet Buddhist ritual print features an elaborate circular mandala composition, consisting of several concentric rings containing Tibetan script, sacred syllables and symbolic inscriptions arranged around a central geometric diagram. The central section displays a distinctive geometric structure formed by intersecting circular and angular elements, creating a complex symbolic composition surrounded by additional ritual inscriptions. The circular arrangement of the inscriptions is particularly characteristic of Tibetan Buddhist mantra diagrams, traditionally associated with protective rituals, spiritual purification and religious practices. The outer section is decorated with an elaborate border of stylised flames, a recurring motif in Tibetan Buddhist tantric iconography, often associated with the transformation of negative influences, spiritual protection and enlightened wisdom. The combination of sacred inscriptions, geometric symbolism and the surrounding flame border creates a visually striking composition reflecting the artistic and ritual traditions of Himalayan Buddhism. Unlike figurative mandalas depicting Buddhist deities and their celestial palaces, this example focuses primarily on sacred writing and symbolic geometry, suggesting a possible function as a protective mantra mandala or ritual talisman. Such diagrams were traditionally used in Tibetan and Mongolian Buddhist religious contexts, sometimes serving as protective amulets, ritual supports or sacred objects containing mantras and symbolic formulas. The manuscript appears to have been produced using a traditional printing technique, possibly woodblock printing, on naturally aged paper. The black printed design displays variations in ink density, with darker areas and printing irregularities visible around the circular composition. The precise meaning of the inscriptions and the specific ritual function of the diagram would require specialist translation and examination of the Tibetan text. The sheet is preserved in old and used condition, showing visible signs of age and traditional handling, including discoloration, staining, folding lines, creases, surface wear, ink irregularities and minor imperfections along the edges. The overall appearance is consistent with traditional Mongolian–Tibetan Buddhist ritual paper objects, although the exact geographical origin, dating and printing technique cannot be independently confirmed from photographs alone. Object: Mongolian–Tibetan Buddhist Tantric Mandala / Protective Mantra Amulet Tradition: Mongolian–Tibetan Buddhism / Vajrayana Buddhism Origin: Mongolia or Tibet Period: late 19th to early 20th century Technique: Black ink ritual diagram on paper, possibly traditional woodblock print Number of objects: 1 Dimensions: Approx. 12 × 13 cm Material: Paper Condition: Old and used condition with visible signs of age, discoloration, staining, folding lines, creases, surface wear and printing irregularities; please see photographs. 3) Tibetan Buddhist Nine Sacred Deities – Bodhisattva and Tara Illustrations – Woodblock Print – Tibet / Mongolia – Late 19th to Early 20th Century An interesting Tibetan Buddhist religious woodblock-style print featuring nine sacred figures arranged in a traditional geometric composition, associated with the Tibetan–Mongolian Buddhist artistic tradition and dating to the late 19th or early 20th century. This fascinating single-sheet Buddhist illustration displays nine seated religious figures arranged in three horizontal rows, each containing three individual representations. Every figure is depicted seated upon a lotus throne, surrounded by a decorative halo and wearing elaborate crowns, ornaments and traditional religious garments. The figures display different hand gestures, ritual attributes and symbolic objects, including lotus flowers and other sacred implements commonly found in Tibetan Buddhist iconography. The composition appears to represent a group of Buddhist deities or bodhisattvas, possibly including manifestations of Tara or other enlightened beings associated with compassion, wisdom, protection and spiritual accomplishment. The precise identification of the nine figures and their relationship within the composition would require further specialist iconographic study. The illustrations are executed in black ink on naturally aged brownish paper, with finely detailed outlines defining the facial features, garments, lotus thrones and ritual attributes. Each figure occupies an individual rectangular compartment, creating a balanced and symmetrical arrangement characteristic of traditional Buddhist religious prints and devotional illustrations. Such printed images were traditionally associated with Buddhist devotional practices, religious teachings and ritual activities. Similar representations could also serve as visual supports for meditation and contemplation. The sheet appears to have been produced using traditional woodblock printing techniques, although the exact method.The manuscript is preserved in old and used condition, showing visible signs of age and traditional handling, including discoloration, staining, surface wear, printing irregularities, worn edges and minor imperfections in the paper. Object: Tibetan Buddhist Religious Print with Nine Sacred Figures Tradition: Tibetan–Mongolian Buddhism Origin: Tibet / Mongolia Period: late 19th to early 20th century Technique: Black ink illustration on paper, probably woodblock print Number of objects: 1 Dimensions: Approx. 14 × 9 cm Material: Paper Condition: Old and used condition with visible signs of age, discoloration, staining, surface wear, worn edges and printing irregularities; please see photographs.