Three vintage medical testing sets: A vintage direct ophthalmoscope made by Raphaels Ltd, it consists of a black cone with eyepiece at one end and a circular plate at the other which is the ophthalmoscope head, inside it sits a mirror that reflects light from the bulb into the patient’s eye and back to the examiner. The small knurled wheels carrying green‑tinted and clear lenses are the dioptre (focusing) and filter controls, used to compensate for refractive error and reduce glare or enhance retinal contrast. The ribbed black tube is the battery handle, the bulb holder with the silver collar screws onto the handle top, and the ophthalmoscope head then attaches to the lamp stem so the bulb sits just behind the internal mirror. Once assembled and powered, rotating the disc on the back selects different apertures/filters while the side wheels adjust focus, allowing examination of the fundus through the pupil. The opthalmascope comes in it's original fitted case with the logo inset in the lid on an ivorine circular plaque and sitting internally on green felt lining, the set dates from the 1930's. The case measures 16 x 10.5 x 5cm. A cased Mortons Opthamoscope. A vintage portable trial aperture lens set used by optometrists and ophthalmologists for specialised diagnostic eye examinations with graduated circular aperture discs in green/red and blue/white, this set served multiple clinical functions:​ Primary Uses: Aperture Selection Testing: The graduated circular apertures (ranging from very small to large) were used to test vision through different pupil sizes, simulating various lighting conditions and pupil dilation states.​ Colour Vision and Filter Testing: The distinct green (lime) and blue coloured filter discs were diagnostic tools for: Red-green duochrome testing (the green filters) to refine spherical lens prescriptions​ Colour perception assessment and colour blindness screening Blue light filtration testing for specialised retinal examinations​ Retinoscopy and Fundoscopy Support: These aperture discs would be used in conjunction with ophthalmoscopes and retinoscopes to: Control light beam size during fundal examination (back of the eye)​ Assess patients with varying degrees of pupil dilation​ Test visual acuity under different aperture conditions The graduated sizing allowed practitioners to systematically test how the patient's vision responded to different aperture sizes—crucial for diagnosing conditions like glaucoma, cataracts, and refractive errors where pupil size affects visual performance.​ Portable compact format designed for house calls, common before centralised optical practices became standard (1930s-1960s)​. The set also includes a tri part handle and is complete with all contents, unusual for an item of this age.