50s to 60s paddle, ebonised, really good shape. private collection A traditional Māori paddle is called a hoe (pronounced haw-eh). These paddles were essential tools used to navigate the Pacific Ocean and New Zealand's waterways in various types of waka (canoes). Key Features and Design The Blade: The blade of a hoe is typically long, narrow, and leaf-shaped, coming to a sharp point. This design allowed the paddle to slice cleanly through water with minimal noise. The Shaft: The handle or shaft is straight, but the blade itself is often slightly angled relative to the handle, acting like a modern ergonomic paddle to maximize propulsion.Materials: They were meticulously carved from native New Zealand hardwoods, such as kahikatea (white pine), totara, or matai. Functional and Spiritual Roles Dual Purpose: While its primary job was steering and propelling a waka, the hoe could instantly be flipped over and used as an effective defensive weapon or club (patu) during a sudden ambush.Status Symbols: Plain paddles were used by regular crew members, but highly ornate, heavily carved paddles belonged exclusively to chiefs (rangatira).Artistry: Intricate relief carvings (whakairo) on the blade and handle featured spiritual guardians, tiki forms, and sweeping kowhaiwhai patterns.