Spain. Old Cross of the Royal and Military Order of Saint Ferdinand. Popularly known as the Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand. The highest Spanish military decoration. Made of brass and lacquer. Larger size, without a clasp, probably for sewing onto a coat or greatcoat. Signs of age and use with wear, see photos. Battle model. Created in 1811 by the Cortes of Cádiz and validated by Ferdinand VII. Its name refers to King Ferdinand III of Castile. The awarding of the Laureate Cross implies admission to the Royal and Military Order of Saint Ferdinand, the first Spanish military order. Its purpose is to reward heroic valor, deeds, or military services performed during armed conflicts, with imminent risk to one's own life. Its prestige and status are guaranteed by the rigorous requirements for its conferral. (Spanish army, military, Civil Guard, war, decoration, emblem, badge, plaque, medal, battle, front, insignia, shield, aviation, navy, infantry, artillery, cavalry, uniform).