ISLAMIC – SELJUQS OF RUM Kaykhusraw III (AH 663–682 / AD 1265–1283) AR Dirham Mint: Luʾluʾa (location uncertain, probably in Anatolia) Date: AH 678 (AD 1279/1280) Reference: Album 1232 Weight: 2.98 g Diameter: 26 mm Condition: Good Very Fine ________________________________________ Description Obverse Islamic kalima in two lines within a hexagon; mint and date in the outer margin. ________________________________________ Reverse Ruler’s name and titles in three lines within the field. ________________________________________ The reign of Kaykhusraw III took place during a period when the Seljuq Sultanate of Rûm was under the dominance of the Mongol Ilkhanate. Real political power often lay with Mongol authorities, while Seljuq rulers functioned largely as vassals. This political fragmentation led to the appearance of less well-documented and possibly temporary mints such as Luʾluʾa. Coins from such mints reflect the unstable conditions of late 13th-century Anatolia, where regional authorities may have exercised limited minting rights under Mongol oversight.