Gavard charles - Galeries historiques de Versailles - 1838

16 gravures de Maréchaux de France de la ‎Série IX Section II

Claude Louis Hector de Villars est un militaire et diplomate français, né le 8 mai 1653 à Moulins (royaume de France)[1] et mort le 17 juin 1734 à Turin (royaume de Sardaigne). Maréchal de France (1702), duc (1705) et pair de France (1709), président du Conseil de la guerre (1715-1718), il est élevé en 1733 à la dignité exceptionnelle de maréchal général des camps et armées du roi.

Jean du Caylar d'Anduze de Saint-Bonnet, seigneur de Toiras[1], né le 1er mars 1585 à Saint-Jean-de-Gardonnenque (aujourd'hui Saint-Jean-du-Gard, département du Gard) et tué le 14 juin 1636 à l'attaque de Fontaneto d'Agogna près de Milan en Italie, à l'âge de 51 ans, est un militaire et gentilhomme français des XVIe et XVIIe siècles. Favori de Louis XIII, il termine sa carrière maréchal de France.

Ulrich Frédéric Woldemar comte de Lowendal (1700-1755) est un général qui servit dans les armées de nombreux pays européens avant de passer au service de la France où il fut nommé maréchal.

Les deuxième, troisième et quatrième ducs furent tous trois maréchaux de France. Les troisième, cinquième et sixième ducs furent chevaliers de l'ordre de la Toison d'or.

Nicolas de Catinat de La Fauconnerie, seigneur de Saint-Gratien, né le 1er décembre 1637 à Paris (paroisse Saint-Benoît-le-Bétourné) et mort le 22 février 1712 à Saint-Gratien, est un militaire français du XVIIe siècle. Il prend part aux principaux conflits impliquant la France sous le règne de Louis XIV, guerre de Hollande, guerre de la Ligue d'Augsbourg et guerre de Succession d'Espagne, ce qui lui vaut d'être élevé à la dignité de maréchal de France (1693).

Henri II de Montmorency, né le 30 avril 1595 au château de Chantilly et mort à Toulouse le 30 octobre 1632, est un gentilhomme contemporain de Louis XIII.
Amiral de France, vice-roi de la Nouvelle-France et gouverneur du Languedoc, il participe aux guerres contre les protestants et bat la flotte de Benjamin de Rohan, seigneur de Soubise, devant La Rochelle en 1625.
Maréchal de France en 1630, il intrigue avec Gaston d'Orléans, frère du roi, contre le cardinal de Richelieu. Condamné à mort pour crime de lèse-majesté, il est exécuté à Toulouse le 30 octobre 1632.

César Phébus d'Albret (né en 1614, mort à Bordeaux le 3 septembre 1676), comte de Miossens, sire de Pons, prince de Mortagne, souverain de Bedeilles, est un militaire français, maréchal de France et chevalier des ordres du roi.

Parent éloigné d'Henri IV (dont la mère était Jeanne d'Albret), cousin germain du marquis de Montespan (par sa mère Anne de Pardaillan, ci-dessous), son attachement à Anne d'Autriche et à Mazarin pendant la Fronde le fit, plutôt que ses talents, nommer maréchal de France (1er juin 1653), il quitta alors le nom de Miossens pour prendre celui d'Albret.

Charles II de La Porte, né en 1602 à Paris et mort le 8 février 1664 dans la même ville est un gentilhomme et militaire français du XVIIe siècle.
Il est fait maréchal de France en 1639.

Maurice de Saxe, né le 28 octobre 1696 à Goslar (ville libre d'Empire) et mort le 30 novembre 1750 au château de Chambord, est un militaire français d'origine saxonne, titré comte de la Raute (1696-1710) puis comte de Saxe (1710-1750). Il était maréchal général des camps et armées de Louis XV. Il est surtout connu pour sa victoire de Fontenoy en 1745.

Abraham (de) Fabert d’Esternay, né à Metz le 11 octobre 1599 et mort à Sedan le 17 mai 1662, est un homme de guerre français. Lieutenant général en 1650, il reçoit le bâton de maréchal de France en 1658. Il est aussi gouverneur de l’ancienne principauté de Sedan en 1642-1662, s’illustre pendant la guerre de Trente Ans et assiège Stenay en 1654.

Pierre Riel, marquis de Beurnonville, né le 10 mai 1752 à Champignol-lez-Mondeville et mort le 23 avril 1821 à Paris, est un général français de la Révolution et de l’Empire et un maréchal de France (élevé au maréchalat sous la Restauration).

Anne-Pierre de Montesquiou puis de Montesquiou-Fézensac, dit le « marquis de Montesquiou »[1],[2],[3],[4], né le 17 octobre 1739 à Paris et mort le 30 décembre 1798 à Paris, est un homme politique français qui fut lieutenant général des armées du roi, agronome, membre de l'Académie française (1784), puis député aux États généraux, général dans les armées de la Révolution et député à la Convention qu'il présida avant de régner sur la Commission des finances.

Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette, né le 6 septembre 1757 au château de Chavaniac près de Saint-Georges-d'Aurac (Auvergne, actuel département de la Haute-Loire), et mort le 20 mai 1834 à Paris (ancien 1er arrondissement), est un officier et homme politique français, célèbre en raison de son engagement dans les rangs de l'armée des insurgés américains (1777-1783), puis dans l'aile libérale et réformiste de l'aristocratie française (1784-1792), enfin dans l'opposition libérale au régime de la monarchie de Juillet qu'il avait pourtant contribué à établir lors des Trois Glorieuses (juillet 1830).

Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, né le 1er juillet 1725 à Vendôme et mort le 10 mai 1807 au château de Rochambeau à Thoré-la-Rochette (Loir-et-Cher), est un général français.
Il s'illustre à la tête du corps expéditionnaire français lors de la guerre d'indépendance des États-Unis (1775-1783). Il termine sa carrière militaire avec la dignité de maréchal de France.

Jacques Ier Fitz-James, duc de Berwick, né le 21 août 1670 à Moulins, dans le Bourbonnais, et tué le 12 juin 1734 au siège de Philippsburg, est un militaire français des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Fils naturel du roi Jacques II Stuart, il est fait maréchal de France en 1706. Raconter les campagnes de Berwick revient à énumérer les guerres du règne de Louis XIV et de Léopold Ier : guerre de la Ligue d’Augsbourg, guerre de Succession d’Espagne, guerre de Succession de Pologne.

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La ‎Galeries historiques de Versailles est un monumental ouvrage rassemblant plus de 1750 planches. L’ensemble des Galeries historiques de Versailles fut publié par souscription en 460 livraisons (462 selon Vicaire), dont la première fut annoncée le 1er mai 1837. Trois éditions étaient alors disponibles: une édition de luxe, format grand in-folio avec les gravures sur Chine, avec texte orné de vignettes, cul-de-lampe et ornements gravés sur bois; une édition format petit in-folio, avec les mêmes gravures et textes, mais sans les ornements; une édition format in-4 contenant un choix de gravures parmi les autres éditions.


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16 engravings by Maréchaux de France from the Série IX Section II

Claude Louis Hector de Villars was a French soldier and diplomat, born on 8 May 1653 in Moulins (kingdom of France)[1] and died on 17 June 1734 in Turin (kingdom of Sardinia). Marshal of France (1702), duke (1705) and peer of France (1709), president of the War Council (1715-1718), he was elevated in 1733 to the exceptional dignity of general marshal of the king’s camps and armies.

Jean du Caylar d'Anduze de Saint-Bonnet, lord of Toiras[1], born on 1 March 1585 in Saint-Jean-de-Gardonnenque (now Saint-Jean-du-Gard, department of Gard) and killed on 14 June 1636 during the attack on Fontaneto d'Agogna near Milan in Italy, at the age of 51, is a French soldier and gentleman from the 16th and 17th centuries. Favorite of Louis XIII, he finished his career as Marshal of France.

Ulrich Frederick Woldemar, Count of Lowendal (1700-1755) was a general who served in the armies of many European countries before moving to the service of France where he was appointed marshal.

The second, third and fourth dukes were all three marshals of France. The third, fifth and sixth dukes were knights of the order of the Golden Fleece.

Nicolas de Catinat de La Fauconnerie, lord of Saint-Gratien, born on 1 December 1637 in Paris (parish of Saint-Benoît-le-Bétourné) and died on 22 February 1712 in Saint-Gratien, was a 17th century French soldier. He took part in the main conflicts involving France under the reign of Louis XIV, the Dutch War, the Augsburg League War and the War of the Spanish Succession, which earned him the dignity of Marshal of France (1693).

Henri II de Montmorency, born on 30 April 1595 at the château de Chantilly and died in Toulouse on 30 October 1632, was a gentleman contemporary of Louis XIII.
Admiral of France, viceroy of New France and governor of Languedoc, he participated in the wars against the Protestants and defeated the fleet of Benjamin de Rohan, lord of Soubise, before La Rochelle in 1625.
Marshal of France in 1630, he intrigues with Gaston d'Orléans, brother of the king, against the cardinal de Richelieu. Condemned to death for crime of lèse-majesté, he was executed in Toulouse on 30 October 1632.

César Phébus d'Albret (born in 1614, died in Bordeaux on 3 September 1676), count of Miossens, sire de Pons, prince of Mortagne, sovereign of Bedeilles, was a French military man, marshal of France and knight of the king’s orders.

Distant relative of Henry IV (whose mother was Jeanne d'Albret), first cousin of the Marquis de Montespan (through his mother Anne de Pardaillan, below), his attachment to Anne of Austria and Mazarin during the Fronde made him, rather than his talents, named Marshal of France (1 June 1653), he then left the name of Miossens to take that of Albret.

Charles II de La Porte, born in 1602 in Paris and died on 8 February 1664 in the same city was a seventeenth-century French gentleman and military.
He was made Marshal of France in 1639.

Maurice de Saxe, born on 28 October 1696 in Goslar (Empire Free City) and died on 30 November 1750 at the château de Chambord, was a French soldier of Saxon origin, titled Count of Raute (1696-1710) then Count of Saxe (1710-1750). He was general marshal of the king’s camps and armies of Louis XV. He is best known for his victory at Fontenoy in 1745.

Abraham (de) Fabert d’Esternay, born in Metz on 11 October 1599 and died in Sedan on 17 May 1662, was a French man of war. Lieutenant general in 1650, he received the baton of marshal of France in 1658. He was also governor of the former principality of Sedan in 1642-1662, distinguished himself during the Thirty Years' War and besieged Stenay in 1654.

Pierre Riel, marquis de Beurnonville, born on 10 May 1752 in Champignol-lez-Mondeville and died on 23 April 1821 in Paris, was a French general of the Revolution and of the Empire and a Marshal of France (raised to marshalate under the Restoration).

Anne-Pierre de Montesquiou then de Montesquiou-Fézensac, known as the "marquis de Montesquiou"[1],[2],[3],[4], born on 17 October 1739 in Paris and died on 30 December 1798 in Paris, was a French politician who was lieutenant general of the king’s armies, agronomist, member of the Académie française (1784), then deputy to the Estates-General, general in the armies of the Revolution and deputy to the Convention, which he presided over before ruling on the Finance Commission.

Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette, born on 6 September 1757 at the château de Chavaniac near Saint-Georges-d'Aurac (Auvergne, current department of Haute-Loire), and died on 20 May 1834 in Paris (former 1st arrondissement), was a French officer and politician, famous for his involvement in the ranks of the American insurgent army (1777-1783), then in the liberal and reformist wing of the French aristocracy (1784-1792), finally in the liberal opposition to the regime of the July Monarchy that he had nevertheless helped establish during the Trois Glorieuses (July 1830).

Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, born on 1 July 1725 in Vendôme and died on 10 May 1807 at the château de Rochambeau in Thoré-la-Rochette (Loir-et-Cher), was a French general.
He distinguished himself at the head of the French expeditionary force during the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). He ended his military career with the dignity of Marshal of France.

Jacques Ier Fitz-James, duc de Berwick, born on 21 August 1670 in Moulins, in the Bourbonnais, and killed on 12 June 1734 at the siege of Philippsburg, was a French soldier of the XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Fils naturel du roi Jacques II Stuart, il est fait maréchal de France en 1706. Raconter les campagnes de Berwick revient à énumérer les guerres du règne de Louis XIV et de Léopold Ier : guerre de la Ligue d’Augsbourg, guerre de Succession d’Espagne, guerre de Succession de Pologne.

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13 engravings by Maréchaux de France from the Série IX

Blaise de Monluc (de Lasseran de Massencome), lord of Monluc, born between 1500 and 1502 in Saint-Puy (Gascogne) and died on 26 July 1577 in Estillac (Montluc) (Gascogne) or Condom[1], was a marshal of France and a 16th century memorialist.

Charles de Gontaut, duc de Biron, born in 1562 at Saint-Blancard, and executed on 31 July 1602 at the Bastille, was a French soldier. Marshal of France, he is known for the friendship that Henry IV bore him, whom he nevertheless betrayed.

Jean Poton, lord of Xaintrailles, born around 1390/1400 and died on 7 October in Bordeaux, was a gentleman from Gascony, master of the King’s stable, bailiff of Berry, seneschal of Limousin and comrade-in-arms of Joan of Arc. He took part in the Hundred Years' War and in particular in the Battle of Verneuil (1424).

Gaspard de Saulx-Tavannes, known as the Marshal of Tavannes, was a French soldier, Marshal of France, born in Dijon in March 1509 and died on 19 June 1573 at his castle of Sully.

Victor-François, 2nd Duke of Broglie, 1st Prince de Broglie, of the Holy Roman Empire (pronounced "de Breuil"), born on 19 October 1718 in Paris, at the hôtel de Broglie, rue Saint-Dominique, and died on 30 March 1804 in Münster, Germany, was a French aristocrat and military under the Ancien Régime, general marshal of the king’s camps and armies. He then participated in the fighting in the counter-revolutionary army of the Prince of Condé.

Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, marquis de Vauban, dit Vauban, born on 1 May 1633 in Saint-Léger-de-Foucheret and died on 30 March 1707 in Paris, was a French engineer, military architect, urban planner, hydraulic and essayist. He was named Marshal of France by Louis XIV.

Jean-Baptiste Budes de Guébriant, count of Guébriant (sometimes written as Goësbriant), born on 2 February 1602 in Saint-Carreuc from an old Breton family and who died on 24 November 1643 of the wound he received on 17 November 1643 from a shot from a falconer that broke his right elbow during the siege of Rottweil, was a French soldier active during the Thirty Years' War.

Armand Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, known as the cardinal of Richelieu, born on 9 September 1585 in Paris and died on 4 December 1642 in that same city, was a French ecclesiastic and statesman. Cardinal (1622), Duke of Richelieu (1631), Duke of Fronsac (1634) and peer of France, he was the main minister of King Louis XIII.

Charles Auguste Goyon de Matignon, comte de Gacé, born on 28 May 1647 in Torigni-sur-Vire and died on 6 December 1729 in Paris, was a Marshal of France.

Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, dit Turenne, born on 11 September 1611 at the château of Sedan (Ardennes) and died on 27 July 1675 near Sasbach (Episcopal Principality of Strasbourg, Holy Roman Empire), is a gentleman and famous French military man who passed into posterity under the name given to him by his courtesy title of Viscount de Turenne.

Charles de Rohan-Soubise, born on 16 July 1715 in the city of Versailles and died on 1 July 1787 in the city of Paris, was an aristocrat, military of the Ancien Régime. Son of Jules de Rohan-Soubise and Anne-Julie-Adélaïde de Melun, he succeeded his father as the fourth prince of Soubise on his death in 1724. He was also Duke of Rohan-Rohan and Count of Saint-Pol[1]. A childhood friend of King Louis XV, he was appointed Minister of State from the year 1759 and thus sat on the Conseil d'en-haut. He was appointed Marshal of France in 1768 and took part in the Seven Years' War. Named peer of France, he was governor of Flanders and Hainaut.

François de Blanchefort de Créquy de Bonne, marquis de Marines, known as the "Maréchal de Créquy", marshal of France, possessing the castle of Marines (born in 1625 - died February 3, 1687 in Paris), was a man of war during the reign of Louis XIV. He distinguished himself in the many military campaigns that marked the seventeenth century from the Thirty Years' War. He was celebrated during his lifetime as Turenne’s successor, and one of the most important military leaders of his time.

He was the younger brother of Charles III de Créquy, with whom he should not be confused since they both died in February 1687 within a few days of each other.

Louis-François de Boufflers, Duke of Boufflers, born on 10 January 1644 in Crillon (Oise) and died on 22 August 1711 in Fontainebleau, was a French soldier. He was elevated to the dignity of marshal of France in 1693, then made duke in 1695 and received a peer of France in 1709.


The Historical Galleries of Versailles is a monumental work gathering more than 1750 plates. The whole of the Galeries historiques de Versailles was published by subscription in 460 deliveries (462 according to Vicaire), the first of which was announced on 1 May 1837. Three editions were then available: a luxury edition, large folio format with engravings on China, with text adorned with vignettes, side-of-lamps, and wood-engraved ornaments; a small folio format edition, with the same engravings and texts, but without the ornaments; an in-4 format edition containing a selection of engravings among the other editions.