ITEM: Fibula MATERIAL: Bronze CULTURE: Roman PERIOD: 2nd - 3rd Century A.D DIMENSIONS: 20 mm x 33 mm CONDITION: Good condition PROVENANCE: Ex German private collection, acquired before 2000s A Roman fibula was much more than a simple fastening device; it was the ancient world’s equivalent of the safety pin, serving as a vital functional and decorative element of daily attire. Primarily used to secure garments like the tunica or the heavy wool palla, these brooches were essential for holding together draped fabrics that were not sewn. While the basic mechanism involved a pin, a spring, and a catch plate, the sheer variety of designs reflected the vast geographic reach and cultural integration of the Roman Empire. Beyond their utility, fibulae acted as potent symbols of social status, military rank, and ethnic identity. Wealthy patricians often donned intricate examples crafted from gold or silver, frequently embellished with precious gemstones, intricate filigree, or colorful cloisonné enamel. In a military context, specific types of fibulae, such as the "crossbow" style (arcuate fibula), became standardized markers of office for soldiers and officials, effectively doubling as a uniform insignia that signaled one's position within the Roman bureaucracy. The evolution of the fibula also provides a fascinating glimpse into the artistic trends and technological shifts of the era. Early designs often featured simple bow shapes, but as Roman influence spread into Celtic and Germanic territories, the aesthetic shifted to include zoomorphic figures—such as eagles, dolphins, or horses—and complex geometric patterns. Today, these durable metal artifacts are among the most common finds in archaeological excavations, serving as "index fossils" that help historians date specific strata and track the flow of trade and fashion across the ancient Mediterranean. Comes with Certificate of Authenticity and Export license If you bid outside the European Union and win the item, we will have to apply for an export licence for your country and shipping will take 3 to 5 weeks.