拜占庭时期 黄铜色 圣物十字架胸饰

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Ancient Byzantine reliquary cross (enkolpion) composed of two halves joined by a hinge. This type is scarce and very rare to find complete (two halves together).

古代拜占庭圣物箱十字架（enkolpion），由两半通过铰链连接而成。这种类型稀少，完整成对（两半合在一起）极为罕见。

On one side it shows the Virgin Mary, standing in the orant prayer pose with hands upraised at the center of the cross. On the ends of the arms are medallions with busts of the four evangelists holding their gospels. The four Evangelists are indicated on the cross by their Byzantine abbreviations next to their medallions: MT: Matthew (top), MP: Mark (bottom), Λ: Luke (left), I: John (right).

其一面描绘圣母玛利亚，立于十字架中心，做祈祷式的祈祷姿态，双手举高。臂端饰有四位福音作者半身像，各执其福音书。十字架上的四位福音作者在圆饰旁以拜占庭式缩写标示：MT：马太福音（上方），MP：马可福音（下方），Λ：路加（左），I：约翰（右）。

On the other half we see Christ wearing a colobium, crucified, between the diminutive figures of the Virgin Mary and St John; above his head a tablet with inscription and representation of the sun and moon; two-lined Greek inscriptions/abbreviations beneath each arm.

另一半可见基督穿着长袍（colobium），被钉十字架，置于圣母玛利亚和圣约翰的侏儒形像之间；他头顶上方有写有铭文且有日月图案的牌匾；每臂下方有两行希腊文铭文/缩写。

Inscription under Christ's right arm: IDEOUSSOU IDOUMETERSOU, translated as: "Behold thy son; behold thy Mother" (John 19.26-7).

在基督右臂下的铭文：IDEOUSSOU IDOUMETERSOU，译为：“看哪，你的儿子；看哪，你的母亲”（约翰福音 19:26-27）。

Inscription under Christ's left arm: HAGIA THEOTOEI, translated as: "Holy Theotokos".

在基督左臂下的铭文：HAGIA THEOTOEI，译为：“圣神之母”。

-> The term "Theotokos" means "God-bearer" and is a title for the Virgin Mary in Christian theology, particularly within Byzantine traditions. The phrase emphasizes her role as the mother of Jesus Christ, who is considered both fully divine and fully human.

Theotokos 一词意为“神之孕者/神之携者”，在基督教神学中，尤其在拜占庭传统中，是圣母玛利亚的称号。此短语强调她作为耶稣基督之母的角色，耶稌被认为既完全神性又完全人性。

Size: ± 102,8 x 55,7 mm

尺寸：±102,8 x 55,7 毫米

Condition: good and solid condition with smooth olive-brown patina. Hinge loop on the underside is broken. Signs of wear consistent with an ancient artefact.

品相：状况良好，表面有光滑的橄榄棕色铜绿光泽。底部的铰链环断裂。磨损痕迹与古物相符。

Certificate of Authenticity: available upon request (pdf-format).

真实性证明：可按需提供（PDF格式）。

Ref 1: for a similar example (one half only) see The Met museum Nr 2018.870.3

参考1：类似示例（仅一半）见大都会艺术博物馆编号2018.870.3

Ref 2: The British Museum nr 1985,0305.1 A. Garside, ed., Jewelry: Ancient to Modern (New York: Viking, 1979), no. 461 for a nearly identical specimen found in Palestine.

参考2：大英博物馆编号1985,0305.1 A. Garside 主编，《珠宝：古今》（纽约：Viking，1979），第461号，记载在巴勒斯坦发现的几乎完全一致的样本。