PALMYRENE. Palmyra. Pseudo-autonomous issue, 2nd-3rd centuries AD. Ae Bronze 12 mm./ 1,76 gm. Obv-: Draped bust right, wearing kalathos. Rev-: Draped and bearded bust of Serapis-Baal. Kryzyzanowska type XVI. Very rare. NB.Anonymous or pseudo-autonomous bronze and copper coins from Palmyra (dating roughly from the 1st to 3rd centuries AD) are small, locally minted currency units that generally omit the portrait or name of the Roman emperor. Numismatists like Kevin Butcher interpret these small, locally issued bronze pieces not as official state-level imperial propaganda, but as part of a localized "Third Market" currency used for everyday low-value transactions and civic identity within Palmyra.