Unknown - Qur'an - India - 1825

A bi-folio from a Qur'an written in N.India/Kashmir C1825. It consists of two neatly scribed pages in black Naskh script. Between he lines of Quranic script sits Persian commentary in red offering the devotee additional context and guidance in prayer. The right folio has an illuminated text in black on gold script which is unusual in that this is midway through the chapter (v,91) and to a chapter heading. This calls out the beauty and importance of this text within the chapter (see paragraph below). It also contains a decorative, and quite complex, illuminated marginal juz marking the chapter start.

The manuscript is Chapter 9 of the Quran, At-Tawbah (The Repentance), which contrast the actions of the hypocrites who sought exemptions from striving in the cause of Allah with the sincere believers who actively participated and are promised reward. These verses differentiate between those who outwardly profess faith but inwardly cling to worldly life and avoid sacrifice, and those with genuine faith who are willing to strive for their beliefs, even if they are physically unable due to legitimate reasons. Verse 91 encapsulates this stating that "there is no blame or cause for reproach against those who have legitimate reasons for staying behind (such as the weak, the sick, or those who simply cannot afford the means for the journey) provided that their intentions are sincere to Allah and His Messenger. Allah is All-Forgiving and Most Merciful to those who do good and have pure hearts".

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