Viking Age Bronze Penannular Brooch (8th-11th Century) – Richly Decorated Example Craftsmanship and Hoop Decoration: What sets this particular piece apart is the exceptionally fine craftsmanship on the hoop. Its surface features an intricate, dense geometric pattern created by precise hand-striking of motifs into the metal. The fine, repeating indentations form a unique texture that gives this brooch an extraordinarily luxurious character. Design and Fastening: The item represents a classic type of penannular (omega-shaped) brooch, characterized by an open ring. A long, movable pin with a textured surface passes through the center, which was used to pierce through thick weaves of wool or linen and securely fasten outerwear. Terminal Shape: The arms of the brooch terminate in geometric polyhedral cubes with faceted edges. In the very center of each cube, there is a distinctive, deep, and clearly visible hole (depression), as beautifully captured in the attached photos. Beyond their aesthetic appeal, these massive terminals served a technical purpose, acting as a barrier to prevent the rotating pin from sliding off the bronze ring. Detail Decoration (Serrated Ornament): Close-up views of the hoop's edges reveal an exceptionally fascinating ornament. The borders of the ring are adorned with a dense row of fine, regular notches resembling serrated teeth or a herringbone pattern. This specific, ribbed geometric motif beautifully accentuates the organic shape of the brooch and lends it a raw, striking character typical of Scandinavian applied arts. Metal and Natural Coating: The artifact was cast from durable alloyed bronze. The entire surface of the metal displays a magnificent, authentic patina in shades of deep green, transitioning in places into reddish and earthy tones, which is the result of hundreds of years of burial in the soil. Certificate: A certificate of authenticity is attached to the object, containing detailed information that describes the item typologically by myself and previously by experts from Belgium, as well as confirming its origin. Provenance: Dutch art gallery, 1970s. Belgian collection, 1970s-1990s. Acquired from Karabela Arms (Karabela Ltd), an antique dealer based in London 59 Devons Road Technical Specifications: Weight: 63 g Outer Circumference: 220 mm