A bronze sculpture - Plaque - Benin - Nigeria

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A Benin bronze relief plaque titled 'A bronze sculpture', depicting Amufi ceremony acrobats from Nigeria with Benin cultural context, weighing 9.1 kg, 47 cm high and 38 cm deep, and described in fair condition.

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Description from the seller

A Benin Relief Panel with Acrobats of the Amufi Ceremony.

The Amufi ceremony belongs to the complex cycle of court rituals associated with the kingship of the historic Kingdom of Benin and illustrates the intimate relationship between political authority, spiritual power, and the natural world. The Amufi guild was entrusted with the dangerous and highly symbolic task of capturing fish eagles used in royal sacrificial ceremonies during the annual Ugie festivals. Because fish eagles inhabit the highest treetops and are difficult to reach, members of the guild were believed to possess exceptional spiritual abilities enabling them to move between the human realm and elevated, spiritually charged spaces.

The ceremony itself was far more than an acrobatic display. In Benin cosmology, height frequently signifies proximity to supernatural forces and ancestral powers. By ascending to the tops of tall trees and suspending themselves high above the ground, the performers enacted a symbolic crossing of boundaries between earthly and spiritual domains. Their movements through the air, enhanced by rattles attached to their arms, deliberately evoked the flight of birds. In this sense, the acrobats did not merely imitate fish eagles but temporarily embodied qualities associated with them—freedom of movement between worlds, elevated vision, and access to forces beyond ordinary human reach.

The fish eagle itself held particular significance. Birds occupy an important place in Benin religious thought because they traverse the sky, a realm often associated with spiritual potency, ancestral presence, and divine authority. Capturing such a creature for the Oba's rituals demonstrated the king's ability to command powers extending beyond the human sphere. The Amufi guild therefore functioned as ritual specialists who helped transform the king's political authority into sacred authority.

The acrobatic performance may also be understood as a public demonstration of controlled spiritual power. Risking one's life while suspended high above the ground without apparent fear displayed mastery over dangerous forces. Such displays reinforced the belief that the participants were protected by medicines, ritual preparations, and supernatural assistance. Their successful descent affirmed the effectiveness of these powers and, by extension, the spiritual efficacy of the royal cult itself.

The relief panel is particularly remarkable because it translates this ephemeral performance into bronze. Unlike many Benin plaques that emphasize hierarchy, rank, and ceremonial stillness, this work captures movement, tension, and interaction with the environment. The two performers are shown in active poses rarely encountered in Benin court art, while the carefully rendered tree and the birds above create a narrative setting that directly references the ritual itself. The three large birds perched at the top almost certainly allude to the fish eagles sought by the guild and serve as visual markers of the elevated spiritual realm toward which the performers ascend.

Art historically, the plaque occupies a special position within the corpus of Benin reliefs. Barbara Blackmun has noted its close stylistic relationship to the famous leopard-hunt plaque, particularly in the treatment of movement, vegetation, and narrative composition. Both works have been attributed to the artist identified by William Fagg as the "Master of the Leopard Hunt." Because Benin bronze casting workshops generally maintained highly conservative court styles over centuries, the identification of an individual artistic personality is exceptionally rare. The dynamic compositions, naturalistic details, and sophisticated narrative structure of these plaques therefore distinguish their creator as one of the most innovative artists known from the Benin court tradition.

Selected References

Blackmun, Barbara. "Plaque with Acrobats of the Amufi Ceremony." In: Barbara Plankensteiner (ed.), Benin. Kings and Rituals: Court Arts from Nigeria. Vienna, 2007, pp. 334–335.
Fagg, William. Divine Kingship in Africa. London, 1970.
Plankensteiner, Barbara (ed.). Benin. Kings and Rituals: Court Arts from Nigeria. Vienna, 2007.
Ben-Amos, Paula Girshick. The Art of Benin. London, 1980.
Nevadomsky, Joseph. Kingship Succession Rituals in Benin. Ibadan, various publications.

This information is created by AI and based on published ethnographic and art-historical sources.

TL Analysis Kotalla 360 years +/-16,7

Seller's Story

Wolfgang Jaenicke’s engagement with African art did not begin in the field or the marketplace but in a quieter, more inward space—among papers, books, and objects that belonged to his father. The archive on Germany’s former colonies was not arranged to tell a single story; it suggested many. It invited scrutiny rather than reverence, and it taught Jaenicke early on that objects are never mute. They carry time inside them—fracture and continuity held in the same form—and they ask to be read as carefully as texts. For more than a quarter century, Jaenicke has worked as a collector, dealer, and intermediary, though none of these terms quite captures the shape of his practice. What used to be grouped, too casually, under the heading of “Tribal Art” has never appeared to him as a sealed or historical category. It is, instead, a set of living traditions, constantly negotiating the present. His academic training—in ethnology, art history, and comparative law—provided a grammar. The language itself he learned elsewhere. In Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Togo, and Ghana, knowledge emerged slowly, through repeated encounters that hardened into relationships, and through trust built not all at once but over years. Mali became the gravitational center of this experience. Between 2002 and 2012, Jaenicke lived and worked in Bamako and Ségou, where he ran Tribalartforum, a gallery overlooking the Niger River. The space resisted easy chronology. Sculptures and ceramics shared the room with photography, and works by Malick Sidibé—images of Malian youth in the 1970s, self-assured and exuberant—hung alongside older ritual forms. The effect was not nostalgic but clarifying: past and present did not cancel each other out; they sharpened one another. The war of 2012 ended this chapter abruptly, as wars tend to do. But it did not dissolve the work. Together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke regrouped in Lomé, closer to the places where many of the objects originated and to the routes they continue to travel. Since 2018, Berlin has become another point on this map. Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke now operates opposite Charlottenburg Palace, supported by a small team of specialists. Its focus rests, in particular, on West African bronzes and terracottas—materials shaped by earth and fire, and by forms of memory that resist easy translation. What distinguishes Jaenicke’s practice is not only its geographical range but its internal tension. Fieldwork is paired with provenance research; commerce is treated as inseparable from responsibility. In collaboration with museums and scholarly initiatives, circulation is framed not as extraction but as an ethical process that remains unfinished. The aim is not to remove objects from the world and seal them off, but to keep them readable within it—to allow them to continue speaking, even as the conditions of their speech change. ------------ Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke is a Berlin-based gallery specializing in West African sculpture, bronzes, terracottas, masks, and contemporary African art. It is directed by Wolfgang Jaenicke, whose work combines collecting, dealing, provenance research, fieldwork, and archival documentation. According to the gallery’s own account, Jaenicke studied ethnology, art history, and comparative law and has worked in the field of African art for more than twenty-five years. His activities developed through long-term engagement in countries including Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Togo. Rather than presenting African art as a closed historical category, he describes it as a continuing cultural tradition shaped by living communities and changing historical contexts. A particularly important phase of his career was in Mali, where he lived and worked between roughly 2002 and 2012 in Bamako and Ségou. There he operated Tribalartforum, a gallery that combined historical African sculpture with contemporary African photography, including works by Malick Sidibé. The political and military crisis in Mali in 2012 led to the closure of this phase of activity. Later, together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke continued working from Lomé, Togo, before establishing a gallery presence in Berlin near Charlottenburg Palace. The gallery places particular emphasis on West African bronzes, terracottas, Benin and Ife-related works, Nok sculpture, Dogon art, Baule sculpture, Senufo objects, and Yoruba material. One distinctive aspect of Jaenicke’s public position is his repeated emphasis on provenance transparency and restitution debates. On several published object records, the gallery explicitly discusses issues surrounding export documentation, UNESCO conventions, ownership histories, and communication with scholars and restitution researchers. These statements reflect broader contemporary debates about the circulation of African cultural heritage, legality, collecting history, and museum acquisition practices. The gallery maintains extensive online archives and catalogues documenting hundreds of African objects, including Benin and Ife bronzes, Nok terracottas, Dogon sculptures, Baule figures, Fon objects, Moba figures, and other West African material. For researchers interested in the history of the African art trade, Jaenicke represents a later generation of dealers compared with figures such as John J. Klejman. Whereas Klejman belonged to the postwar New York market of the 1950s–1970s, Jaenicke’s work has been shaped by contemporary concerns with field documentation, provenance research, restitution discussions, digital archives, and direct engagement with West African networks and artists. This text is based on AI Information

A Benin Relief Panel with Acrobats of the Amufi Ceremony.

The Amufi ceremony belongs to the complex cycle of court rituals associated with the kingship of the historic Kingdom of Benin and illustrates the intimate relationship between political authority, spiritual power, and the natural world. The Amufi guild was entrusted with the dangerous and highly symbolic task of capturing fish eagles used in royal sacrificial ceremonies during the annual Ugie festivals. Because fish eagles inhabit the highest treetops and are difficult to reach, members of the guild were believed to possess exceptional spiritual abilities enabling them to move between the human realm and elevated, spiritually charged spaces.

The ceremony itself was far more than an acrobatic display. In Benin cosmology, height frequently signifies proximity to supernatural forces and ancestral powers. By ascending to the tops of tall trees and suspending themselves high above the ground, the performers enacted a symbolic crossing of boundaries between earthly and spiritual domains. Their movements through the air, enhanced by rattles attached to their arms, deliberately evoked the flight of birds. In this sense, the acrobats did not merely imitate fish eagles but temporarily embodied qualities associated with them—freedom of movement between worlds, elevated vision, and access to forces beyond ordinary human reach.

The fish eagle itself held particular significance. Birds occupy an important place in Benin religious thought because they traverse the sky, a realm often associated with spiritual potency, ancestral presence, and divine authority. Capturing such a creature for the Oba's rituals demonstrated the king's ability to command powers extending beyond the human sphere. The Amufi guild therefore functioned as ritual specialists who helped transform the king's political authority into sacred authority.

The acrobatic performance may also be understood as a public demonstration of controlled spiritual power. Risking one's life while suspended high above the ground without apparent fear displayed mastery over dangerous forces. Such displays reinforced the belief that the participants were protected by medicines, ritual preparations, and supernatural assistance. Their successful descent affirmed the effectiveness of these powers and, by extension, the spiritual efficacy of the royal cult itself.

The relief panel is particularly remarkable because it translates this ephemeral performance into bronze. Unlike many Benin plaques that emphasize hierarchy, rank, and ceremonial stillness, this work captures movement, tension, and interaction with the environment. The two performers are shown in active poses rarely encountered in Benin court art, while the carefully rendered tree and the birds above create a narrative setting that directly references the ritual itself. The three large birds perched at the top almost certainly allude to the fish eagles sought by the guild and serve as visual markers of the elevated spiritual realm toward which the performers ascend.

Art historically, the plaque occupies a special position within the corpus of Benin reliefs. Barbara Blackmun has noted its close stylistic relationship to the famous leopard-hunt plaque, particularly in the treatment of movement, vegetation, and narrative composition. Both works have been attributed to the artist identified by William Fagg as the "Master of the Leopard Hunt." Because Benin bronze casting workshops generally maintained highly conservative court styles over centuries, the identification of an individual artistic personality is exceptionally rare. The dynamic compositions, naturalistic details, and sophisticated narrative structure of these plaques therefore distinguish their creator as one of the most innovative artists known from the Benin court tradition.

Selected References

Blackmun, Barbara. "Plaque with Acrobats of the Amufi Ceremony." In: Barbara Plankensteiner (ed.), Benin. Kings and Rituals: Court Arts from Nigeria. Vienna, 2007, pp. 334–335.
Fagg, William. Divine Kingship in Africa. London, 1970.
Plankensteiner, Barbara (ed.). Benin. Kings and Rituals: Court Arts from Nigeria. Vienna, 2007.
Ben-Amos, Paula Girshick. The Art of Benin. London, 1980.
Nevadomsky, Joseph. Kingship Succession Rituals in Benin. Ibadan, various publications.

This information is created by AI and based on published ethnographic and art-historical sources.

TL Analysis Kotalla 360 years +/-16,7

Seller's Story

Wolfgang Jaenicke’s engagement with African art did not begin in the field or the marketplace but in a quieter, more inward space—among papers, books, and objects that belonged to his father. The archive on Germany’s former colonies was not arranged to tell a single story; it suggested many. It invited scrutiny rather than reverence, and it taught Jaenicke early on that objects are never mute. They carry time inside them—fracture and continuity held in the same form—and they ask to be read as carefully as texts. For more than a quarter century, Jaenicke has worked as a collector, dealer, and intermediary, though none of these terms quite captures the shape of his practice. What used to be grouped, too casually, under the heading of “Tribal Art” has never appeared to him as a sealed or historical category. It is, instead, a set of living traditions, constantly negotiating the present. His academic training—in ethnology, art history, and comparative law—provided a grammar. The language itself he learned elsewhere. In Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Togo, and Ghana, knowledge emerged slowly, through repeated encounters that hardened into relationships, and through trust built not all at once but over years. Mali became the gravitational center of this experience. Between 2002 and 2012, Jaenicke lived and worked in Bamako and Ségou, where he ran Tribalartforum, a gallery overlooking the Niger River. The space resisted easy chronology. Sculptures and ceramics shared the room with photography, and works by Malick Sidibé—images of Malian youth in the 1970s, self-assured and exuberant—hung alongside older ritual forms. The effect was not nostalgic but clarifying: past and present did not cancel each other out; they sharpened one another. The war of 2012 ended this chapter abruptly, as wars tend to do. But it did not dissolve the work. Together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke regrouped in Lomé, closer to the places where many of the objects originated and to the routes they continue to travel. Since 2018, Berlin has become another point on this map. Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke now operates opposite Charlottenburg Palace, supported by a small team of specialists. Its focus rests, in particular, on West African bronzes and terracottas—materials shaped by earth and fire, and by forms of memory that resist easy translation. What distinguishes Jaenicke’s practice is not only its geographical range but its internal tension. Fieldwork is paired with provenance research; commerce is treated as inseparable from responsibility. In collaboration with museums and scholarly initiatives, circulation is framed not as extraction but as an ethical process that remains unfinished. The aim is not to remove objects from the world and seal them off, but to keep them readable within it—to allow them to continue speaking, even as the conditions of their speech change. ------------ Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke is a Berlin-based gallery specializing in West African sculpture, bronzes, terracottas, masks, and contemporary African art. It is directed by Wolfgang Jaenicke, whose work combines collecting, dealing, provenance research, fieldwork, and archival documentation. According to the gallery’s own account, Jaenicke studied ethnology, art history, and comparative law and has worked in the field of African art for more than twenty-five years. His activities developed through long-term engagement in countries including Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Togo. Rather than presenting African art as a closed historical category, he describes it as a continuing cultural tradition shaped by living communities and changing historical contexts. A particularly important phase of his career was in Mali, where he lived and worked between roughly 2002 and 2012 in Bamako and Ségou. There he operated Tribalartforum, a gallery that combined historical African sculpture with contemporary African photography, including works by Malick Sidibé. The political and military crisis in Mali in 2012 led to the closure of this phase of activity. Later, together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke continued working from Lomé, Togo, before establishing a gallery presence in Berlin near Charlottenburg Palace. The gallery places particular emphasis on West African bronzes, terracottas, Benin and Ife-related works, Nok sculpture, Dogon art, Baule sculpture, Senufo objects, and Yoruba material. One distinctive aspect of Jaenicke’s public position is his repeated emphasis on provenance transparency and restitution debates. On several published object records, the gallery explicitly discusses issues surrounding export documentation, UNESCO conventions, ownership histories, and communication with scholars and restitution researchers. These statements reflect broader contemporary debates about the circulation of African cultural heritage, legality, collecting history, and museum acquisition practices. The gallery maintains extensive online archives and catalogues documenting hundreds of African objects, including Benin and Ife bronzes, Nok terracottas, Dogon sculptures, Baule figures, Fon objects, Moba figures, and other West African material. For researchers interested in the history of the African art trade, Jaenicke represents a later generation of dealers compared with figures such as John J. Klejman. Whereas Klejman belonged to the postwar New York market of the 1950s–1970s, Jaenicke’s work has been shaped by contemporary concerns with field documentation, provenance research, restitution discussions, digital archives, and direct engagement with West African networks and artists. This text is based on AI Information

Details

Indigenous object name
Plaque
Ethnic group/ culture
Benin
Country of Origin
Nigeria
Material
Bronze
Sold with stand
No
Condition
Fair condition
Title of artwork
A bronze sculpture
Height
47 cm
Depth
38 cm
Weight
9.1 kg
GermanyVerified
6342
Objects sold
99.51%
protop

Rechtliche Informationen des Verkäufers

Unternehmen:
Jaenicke Njoya GmbH
Repräsentant:
Wolfgang Jaenicke
Adresse:
Jaenicke Njoya GmbH
Klausenerplatz 7
14059 Berlin
GERMANY
Telefonnummer:
+493033951033
Email:
w.jaenicke@jaenicke-njoya.com
USt-IdNr.:
DE241193499

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