A bronze sculpture - Ogoni - Nigeria

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Dimitri André
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Selected by Dimitri André

Holds a postgraduate degree in African studies and 15 years experience in African art.

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A paired bronze sculpture from Nigeria depicting Ogoni Ogboni edan figures linked to the Yoruba Ogboni society (including Ijebu and Owu subgroups), authentic original.

AI-assisted summary

Description from the seller

This object under consideration is a paired set of Ogboni shrine figures, conventionally termed edan, associated with the Ogboni society among Yoruba-speaking peoples, including the Ijebu and Owu subgroups. Cast most often in copper alloy through the lost-wax process, the figures appear as a male and a female linked by a chain, a formal device that is neither incidental nor merely decorative but integral to their meaning and function. The pair constitutes a portable locus of authority, deployed within ritual, juridical, and initiatory contexts, and understood as a material extension of the society’s ethical and cosmological commitments.

Within Ogboni thought, the earth is personified and revered as Onilé, the ultimate ground of truth, fecundity, and moral order. The edan pair mediates this relationship between human community and chthonic power. Their twinned form encodes complementarity: male and female, seniority and generativity, restraint and activation. The chain that joins them articulates continuity and inviolability, signifying the binding force of oaths and the interdependence of social actors under the surveillance of the earth. In this sense, the edan are not idols but indices—material witnesses to transactions that must remain aligned with an immanent moral field.

Stylistically, the figures tend toward compact, frontal compositions with relatively enlarged heads and attenuated limbs. Such proportional emphasis reflects a broader Yoruba aesthetic in which the head is the seat of destiny and consciousness. Facial features are typically restrained, with an affect of composure that signals controlled power rather than expressive individuality. Surface details—scarification marks, coiffure, or regalia—may allude to status or identity, yet they remain subordinated to the overall legibility of the pair as a unit. The patina accrued through handling is not merely a byproduct of age but a trace of use, indexing the repeated activation of the objects in ritual performance.

Among Ijebu and Owu communities, the Ogboni society historically functioned as a deliberative and judicial body, advising rulers and adjudicating disputes. In such contexts, the edan could be brought forth as instruments of verification and sanction. Their presence ratified proceedings, and their manipulation—touching, positioning, or suspending—helped to materialize otherwise intangible commitments. The authority they embodied was collective and ancestral, grounded in continuity rather than charisma, and thus resistant to unilateral appropriation.

The pairing of the figures is indispensable to their efficacy. A single figure would fail to instantiate the equilibrium that Ogboni doctrine requires; authority emerges only through balanced relation. The male does not dominate the female, nor does the female merely complement the male; rather, each completes the other within a closed circuit of meaning secured by the chain. This structural duality resonates with wider Yoruba metaphysics, in which generative processes depend upon the calibration of opposed yet interlocking forces.

In museum and collecting histories, edan have often been detached from their performative environments and reclassified as sculptures. While such recontextualization permits formal analysis, it risks attenuating the objects’ operative dimensions. The edan’s significance inheres not solely in form but in use—in the rhythms of assembly, oath, and adjudication that animate them. To read them adequately, one must therefore attend to both their material properties and the social institutions that authorize their deployment, recognizing that their aesthetic restraint is inseparable from a dense field of ethical and cosmological reference.

William Fagg. Yoruba Sculpture of West Africa. London: Percy Lund, Humphries, 1960.

Robert Farris Thompson. African Art in Motion: Icon and Act. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974.

Henry John Drewal, John Pemberton III, and Rowland Abiodun. Yoruba: Nine Centuries of African Art and Thought. New York: The Center for African Art, 1989.

Babátúndé Lawal. “À Yà Gbó, À Yà Tó: New Perspectives on Edan Ògbóni.” African Arts 28, no. 1 (1995): 36–49.

Peter Morton-Williams. “The Yoruba Ogboni Cult in Oyo.” Africa 30, no. 4 (1960): 362–374.

William Bascom. The Yoruba of Southwestern Nigeria. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969.

Rosalind I. J. Hackett. Art and Religion in Africa. London: Cassell, 1996.

The British Museum. Collection entries on Ogboni edan figures (online database).

The Metropolitan Museum of Art. “Edan Ogboni” (collection and Heilbrunn Timeline essays).

C*A*B*8*4*0*6*7*4*

The seller guarantees and can prove that the object was obtained legally. The seller was informed by Catawiki that they had to provide the documentation required by the laws and regulations in their country of residence. The seller guarantees and is entitled to sell/export this object. The seller will provide all provenance information known about the object to the buyer. The seller ensures that any necessary permits are/will be arranged. The seller will inform the buyer immediately about any delays in obtaining such permits.

Without thermoluminescence tests, the attribution is provided for reference only, based on our knowledge. The piece remains subject to authentication

Height: 45 cm / 46 cm
Weight: 4,4 kg

Seller's Story

Wolfgang Jaenicke’s engagement with African art did not begin in the field or the marketplace but in a quieter, more inward space—among papers, books, and objects that belonged to his father. The archive on Germany’s former colonies was not arranged to tell a single story; it suggested many. It invited scrutiny rather than reverence, and it taught Jaenicke early on that objects are never mute. They carry time inside them—fracture and continuity held in the same form—and they ask to be read as carefully as texts. For more than a quarter century, Jaenicke has worked as a collector, dealer, and intermediary, though none of these terms quite captures the shape of his practice. What used to be grouped, too casually, under the heading of “Tribal Art” has never appeared to him as a sealed or historical category. It is, instead, a set of living traditions, constantly negotiating the present. His academic training—in ethnology, art history, and comparative law—provided a grammar. The language itself he learned elsewhere. In Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Togo, and Ghana, knowledge emerged slowly, through repeated encounters that hardened into relationships, and through trust built not all at once but over years. Mali became the gravitational center of this experience. Between 2002 and 2012, Jaenicke lived and worked in Bamako and Ségou, where he ran Tribalartforum, a gallery overlooking the Niger River. The space resisted easy chronology. Sculptures and ceramics shared the room with photography, and works by Malick Sidibé—images of Malian youth in the 1970s, self-assured and exuberant—hung alongside older ritual forms. The effect was not nostalgic but clarifying: past and present did not cancel each other out; they sharpened one another. The war of 2012 ended this chapter abruptly, as wars tend to do. But it did not dissolve the work. Together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke regrouped in Lomé, closer to the places where many of the objects originated and to the routes they continue to travel. Since 2018, Berlin has become another point on this map. Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke now operates opposite Charlottenburg Palace, supported by a small team of specialists. Its focus rests, in particular, on West African bronzes and terracottas—materials shaped by earth and fire, and by forms of memory that resist easy translation. What distinguishes Jaenicke’s practice is not only its geographical range but its internal tension. Fieldwork is paired with provenance research; commerce is treated as inseparable from responsibility. In collaboration with museums and scholarly initiatives, circulation is framed not as extraction but as an ethical process that remains unfinished. The aim is not to remove objects from the world and seal them off, but to keep them readable within it—to allow them to continue speaking, even as the conditions of their speech change. ------------ Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke is a Berlin-based gallery specializing in West African sculpture, bronzes, terracottas, masks, and contemporary African art. It is directed by Wolfgang Jaenicke, whose work combines collecting, dealing, provenance research, fieldwork, and archival documentation. According to the gallery’s own account, Jaenicke studied ethnology, art history, and comparative law and has worked in the field of African art for more than twenty-five years. His activities developed through long-term engagement in countries including Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Togo. Rather than presenting African art as a closed historical category, he describes it as a continuing cultural tradition shaped by living communities and changing historical contexts. A particularly important phase of his career was in Mali, where he lived and worked between roughly 2002 and 2012 in Bamako and Ségou. There he operated Tribalartforum, a gallery that combined historical African sculpture with contemporary African photography, including works by Malick Sidibé. The political and military crisis in Mali in 2012 led to the closure of this phase of activity. Later, together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke continued working from Lomé, Togo, before establishing a gallery presence in Berlin near Charlottenburg Palace. The gallery places particular emphasis on West African bronzes, terracottas, Benin and Ife-related works, Nok sculpture, Dogon art, Baule sculpture, Senufo objects, and Yoruba material. One distinctive aspect of Jaenicke’s public position is his repeated emphasis on provenance transparency and restitution debates. On several published object records, the gallery explicitly discusses issues surrounding export documentation, UNESCO conventions, ownership histories, and communication with scholars and restitution researchers. These statements reflect broader contemporary debates about the circulation of African cultural heritage, legality, collecting history, and museum acquisition practices. The gallery maintains extensive online archives and catalogues documenting hundreds of African objects, including Benin and Ife bronzes, Nok terracottas, Dogon sculptures, Baule figures, Fon objects, Moba figures, and other West African material. For researchers interested in the history of the African art trade, Jaenicke represents a later generation of dealers compared with figures such as John J. Klejman. Whereas Klejman belonged to the postwar New York market of the 1950s–1970s, Jaenicke’s work has been shaped by contemporary concerns with field documentation, provenance research, restitution discussions, digital archives, and direct engagement with West African networks and artists. This text is based on AI Information

This object under consideration is a paired set of Ogboni shrine figures, conventionally termed edan, associated with the Ogboni society among Yoruba-speaking peoples, including the Ijebu and Owu subgroups. Cast most often in copper alloy through the lost-wax process, the figures appear as a male and a female linked by a chain, a formal device that is neither incidental nor merely decorative but integral to their meaning and function. The pair constitutes a portable locus of authority, deployed within ritual, juridical, and initiatory contexts, and understood as a material extension of the society’s ethical and cosmological commitments.

Within Ogboni thought, the earth is personified and revered as Onilé, the ultimate ground of truth, fecundity, and moral order. The edan pair mediates this relationship between human community and chthonic power. Their twinned form encodes complementarity: male and female, seniority and generativity, restraint and activation. The chain that joins them articulates continuity and inviolability, signifying the binding force of oaths and the interdependence of social actors under the surveillance of the earth. In this sense, the edan are not idols but indices—material witnesses to transactions that must remain aligned with an immanent moral field.

Stylistically, the figures tend toward compact, frontal compositions with relatively enlarged heads and attenuated limbs. Such proportional emphasis reflects a broader Yoruba aesthetic in which the head is the seat of destiny and consciousness. Facial features are typically restrained, with an affect of composure that signals controlled power rather than expressive individuality. Surface details—scarification marks, coiffure, or regalia—may allude to status or identity, yet they remain subordinated to the overall legibility of the pair as a unit. The patina accrued through handling is not merely a byproduct of age but a trace of use, indexing the repeated activation of the objects in ritual performance.

Among Ijebu and Owu communities, the Ogboni society historically functioned as a deliberative and judicial body, advising rulers and adjudicating disputes. In such contexts, the edan could be brought forth as instruments of verification and sanction. Their presence ratified proceedings, and their manipulation—touching, positioning, or suspending—helped to materialize otherwise intangible commitments. The authority they embodied was collective and ancestral, grounded in continuity rather than charisma, and thus resistant to unilateral appropriation.

The pairing of the figures is indispensable to their efficacy. A single figure would fail to instantiate the equilibrium that Ogboni doctrine requires; authority emerges only through balanced relation. The male does not dominate the female, nor does the female merely complement the male; rather, each completes the other within a closed circuit of meaning secured by the chain. This structural duality resonates with wider Yoruba metaphysics, in which generative processes depend upon the calibration of opposed yet interlocking forces.

In museum and collecting histories, edan have often been detached from their performative environments and reclassified as sculptures. While such recontextualization permits formal analysis, it risks attenuating the objects’ operative dimensions. The edan’s significance inheres not solely in form but in use—in the rhythms of assembly, oath, and adjudication that animate them. To read them adequately, one must therefore attend to both their material properties and the social institutions that authorize their deployment, recognizing that their aesthetic restraint is inseparable from a dense field of ethical and cosmological reference.

William Fagg. Yoruba Sculpture of West Africa. London: Percy Lund, Humphries, 1960.

Robert Farris Thompson. African Art in Motion: Icon and Act. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974.

Henry John Drewal, John Pemberton III, and Rowland Abiodun. Yoruba: Nine Centuries of African Art and Thought. New York: The Center for African Art, 1989.

Babátúndé Lawal. “À Yà Gbó, À Yà Tó: New Perspectives on Edan Ògbóni.” African Arts 28, no. 1 (1995): 36–49.

Peter Morton-Williams. “The Yoruba Ogboni Cult in Oyo.” Africa 30, no. 4 (1960): 362–374.

William Bascom. The Yoruba of Southwestern Nigeria. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969.

Rosalind I. J. Hackett. Art and Religion in Africa. London: Cassell, 1996.

The British Museum. Collection entries on Ogboni edan figures (online database).

The Metropolitan Museum of Art. “Edan Ogboni” (collection and Heilbrunn Timeline essays).

C*A*B*8*4*0*6*7*4*

The seller guarantees and can prove that the object was obtained legally. The seller was informed by Catawiki that they had to provide the documentation required by the laws and regulations in their country of residence. The seller guarantees and is entitled to sell/export this object. The seller will provide all provenance information known about the object to the buyer. The seller ensures that any necessary permits are/will be arranged. The seller will inform the buyer immediately about any delays in obtaining such permits.

Without thermoluminescence tests, the attribution is provided for reference only, based on our knowledge. The piece remains subject to authentication

Height: 45 cm / 46 cm
Weight: 4,4 kg

Seller's Story

Wolfgang Jaenicke’s engagement with African art did not begin in the field or the marketplace but in a quieter, more inward space—among papers, books, and objects that belonged to his father. The archive on Germany’s former colonies was not arranged to tell a single story; it suggested many. It invited scrutiny rather than reverence, and it taught Jaenicke early on that objects are never mute. They carry time inside them—fracture and continuity held in the same form—and they ask to be read as carefully as texts. For more than a quarter century, Jaenicke has worked as a collector, dealer, and intermediary, though none of these terms quite captures the shape of his practice. What used to be grouped, too casually, under the heading of “Tribal Art” has never appeared to him as a sealed or historical category. It is, instead, a set of living traditions, constantly negotiating the present. His academic training—in ethnology, art history, and comparative law—provided a grammar. The language itself he learned elsewhere. In Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Togo, and Ghana, knowledge emerged slowly, through repeated encounters that hardened into relationships, and through trust built not all at once but over years. Mali became the gravitational center of this experience. Between 2002 and 2012, Jaenicke lived and worked in Bamako and Ségou, where he ran Tribalartforum, a gallery overlooking the Niger River. The space resisted easy chronology. Sculptures and ceramics shared the room with photography, and works by Malick Sidibé—images of Malian youth in the 1970s, self-assured and exuberant—hung alongside older ritual forms. The effect was not nostalgic but clarifying: past and present did not cancel each other out; they sharpened one another. The war of 2012 ended this chapter abruptly, as wars tend to do. But it did not dissolve the work. Together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke regrouped in Lomé, closer to the places where many of the objects originated and to the routes they continue to travel. Since 2018, Berlin has become another point on this map. Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke now operates opposite Charlottenburg Palace, supported by a small team of specialists. Its focus rests, in particular, on West African bronzes and terracottas—materials shaped by earth and fire, and by forms of memory that resist easy translation. What distinguishes Jaenicke’s practice is not only its geographical range but its internal tension. Fieldwork is paired with provenance research; commerce is treated as inseparable from responsibility. In collaboration with museums and scholarly initiatives, circulation is framed not as extraction but as an ethical process that remains unfinished. The aim is not to remove objects from the world and seal them off, but to keep them readable within it—to allow them to continue speaking, even as the conditions of their speech change. ------------ Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke is a Berlin-based gallery specializing in West African sculpture, bronzes, terracottas, masks, and contemporary African art. It is directed by Wolfgang Jaenicke, whose work combines collecting, dealing, provenance research, fieldwork, and archival documentation. According to the gallery’s own account, Jaenicke studied ethnology, art history, and comparative law and has worked in the field of African art for more than twenty-five years. His activities developed through long-term engagement in countries including Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Togo. Rather than presenting African art as a closed historical category, he describes it as a continuing cultural tradition shaped by living communities and changing historical contexts. A particularly important phase of his career was in Mali, where he lived and worked between roughly 2002 and 2012 in Bamako and Ségou. There he operated Tribalartforum, a gallery that combined historical African sculpture with contemporary African photography, including works by Malick Sidibé. The political and military crisis in Mali in 2012 led to the closure of this phase of activity. Later, together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke continued working from Lomé, Togo, before establishing a gallery presence in Berlin near Charlottenburg Palace. The gallery places particular emphasis on West African bronzes, terracottas, Benin and Ife-related works, Nok sculpture, Dogon art, Baule sculpture, Senufo objects, and Yoruba material. One distinctive aspect of Jaenicke’s public position is his repeated emphasis on provenance transparency and restitution debates. On several published object records, the gallery explicitly discusses issues surrounding export documentation, UNESCO conventions, ownership histories, and communication with scholars and restitution researchers. These statements reflect broader contemporary debates about the circulation of African cultural heritage, legality, collecting history, and museum acquisition practices. The gallery maintains extensive online archives and catalogues documenting hundreds of African objects, including Benin and Ife bronzes, Nok terracottas, Dogon sculptures, Baule figures, Fon objects, Moba figures, and other West African material. For researchers interested in the history of the African art trade, Jaenicke represents a later generation of dealers compared with figures such as John J. Klejman. Whereas Klejman belonged to the postwar New York market of the 1950s–1970s, Jaenicke’s work has been shaped by contemporary concerns with field documentation, provenance research, restitution discussions, digital archives, and direct engagement with West African networks and artists. This text is based on AI Information

Details

Ethnic group/ culture
Ogoni
Country of Origin
Nigeria
Material
Bronze
Sold with stand
No
Condition
Fair condition
Title of artwork
A bronze sculpture
Height
46 cm
Weight
4.4 kg
Authenticity
Original/official
GermanyVerified
6418
Objects sold
99.45%
protop

Rechtliche Informationen des Verkäufers

Unternehmen:
Jaenicke Njoya GmbH
Repräsentant:
Wolfgang Jaenicke
Adresse:
Jaenicke Njoya GmbH
Klausenerplatz 7
14059 Berlin
GERMANY
Telefonnummer:
+493033951033
Email:
w.jaenicke@jaenicke-njoya.com
USt-IdNr.:
DE241193499

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