A bronze sculpture - Ram - Benin - Nigeria






Holds a postgraduate degree in African studies and 15 years experience in African art.
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A bronze sculpture from Nigeria, attributed to the Benin cultural sphere, depicting a ram in the Owo metal-casting tradition; original/official, 54 cm high, 46 cm deep, about 10.9 kg, in fair condition and sold without a stand.
Description from the seller
This strong sculptural representation of a ram belongs to the tradition of metal casting practiced in the region of Owo, an important cultural center situated between the spheres of influence of the Kingdom of Benin and the Yoruba peoples. Owo developed a distinctive artistic tradition that combines formal elements associated with Benin court art and local stylistic features.
The ram is rendered in a compact and stylized manner, with a rounded body, short legs, and a slightly elongated head. Particular emphasis is placed on the curved horns, which coil backward in a rhythmic spiral and visually frame the animal’s head. The modeling is simplified yet expressive, focusing on essential anatomical features rather than naturalistic detail. Such stylization is characteristic of metal sculptures produced in southern Nigeria between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries.
The object was cast using the lost-wax casting technique, also known as the cire perdue process. In this method, the artist first models the form in beeswax, covering it with layers of clay to create a mold. When heated, the wax melts and drains away, leaving a cavity into which molten metal—usually brass or bronze—is poured. Once the metal cools and the clay mold is broken, the resulting sculpture emerges as a unique cast, since the mold cannot be reused. This technique was widely practiced in the Benin and Owo regions and enabled the production of finely detailed ritual and courtly objects.
Animal figures such as rams were not merely decorative but carried symbolic significance. In many West African traditions the ram is associated with strength, vitality, and sacrificial power, qualities that connect the animal with ritual offerings and royal authority. Within the artistic context of Owo and Benin, animal sculptures could appear on altars, serve as ceremonial objects, or function as symbolic representations within ritual assemblages.
The bronze ram therefore illustrates both the technical mastery of regional metal casters and the complex network of artistic exchange linking Owo to the wider cultural sphere of the Benin court. Through its form and method of production, the sculpture reflects the prestige of bronze casting as a medium closely associated with political power, ritual practice, and sacred authority in the historical societies of southern
Philip Dark, die Kunst von Benin, Prag 1960, S. 58/ 59, 87;
Barbara Plankensteiner, Benin. Könige und Rituale. Höfische Kunst aus Nigeria, Wien 2007, S. 433.; British Museum, London William Fagg, Bildwerke aus Nigeria, München 1963, S. 75.
British Museum, Benin. Könige und Rituale. Höfische Kunst aus Nigeria, Wien 2007, S. 433 (last photo sequence).
TL Analyse, Kotalla, 290 years +/.- 19,9 %
C/A/B//06926
The seller guarantees and can prove that the object was obtained legally. The seller was informed by Catawiki that they had to provide the documentation required by the laws and regulations in their country of residence. The seller guarantees and is entitled to sell/export this object. The seller will provide all provenance information known about the object to the buyer. The seller ensures that any necessary permits are/will be arranged. The seller will inform the buyer immediately about any delays in obtaining such permits.
Seller's Story
This strong sculptural representation of a ram belongs to the tradition of metal casting practiced in the region of Owo, an important cultural center situated between the spheres of influence of the Kingdom of Benin and the Yoruba peoples. Owo developed a distinctive artistic tradition that combines formal elements associated with Benin court art and local stylistic features.
The ram is rendered in a compact and stylized manner, with a rounded body, short legs, and a slightly elongated head. Particular emphasis is placed on the curved horns, which coil backward in a rhythmic spiral and visually frame the animal’s head. The modeling is simplified yet expressive, focusing on essential anatomical features rather than naturalistic detail. Such stylization is characteristic of metal sculptures produced in southern Nigeria between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries.
The object was cast using the lost-wax casting technique, also known as the cire perdue process. In this method, the artist first models the form in beeswax, covering it with layers of clay to create a mold. When heated, the wax melts and drains away, leaving a cavity into which molten metal—usually brass or bronze—is poured. Once the metal cools and the clay mold is broken, the resulting sculpture emerges as a unique cast, since the mold cannot be reused. This technique was widely practiced in the Benin and Owo regions and enabled the production of finely detailed ritual and courtly objects.
Animal figures such as rams were not merely decorative but carried symbolic significance. In many West African traditions the ram is associated with strength, vitality, and sacrificial power, qualities that connect the animal with ritual offerings and royal authority. Within the artistic context of Owo and Benin, animal sculptures could appear on altars, serve as ceremonial objects, or function as symbolic representations within ritual assemblages.
The bronze ram therefore illustrates both the technical mastery of regional metal casters and the complex network of artistic exchange linking Owo to the wider cultural sphere of the Benin court. Through its form and method of production, the sculpture reflects the prestige of bronze casting as a medium closely associated with political power, ritual practice, and sacred authority in the historical societies of southern
Philip Dark, die Kunst von Benin, Prag 1960, S. 58/ 59, 87;
Barbara Plankensteiner, Benin. Könige und Rituale. Höfische Kunst aus Nigeria, Wien 2007, S. 433.; British Museum, London William Fagg, Bildwerke aus Nigeria, München 1963, S. 75.
British Museum, Benin. Könige und Rituale. Höfische Kunst aus Nigeria, Wien 2007, S. 433 (last photo sequence).
TL Analyse, Kotalla, 290 years +/.- 19,9 %
C/A/B//06926
The seller guarantees and can prove that the object was obtained legally. The seller was informed by Catawiki that they had to provide the documentation required by the laws and regulations in their country of residence. The seller guarantees and is entitled to sell/export this object. The seller will provide all provenance information known about the object to the buyer. The seller ensures that any necessary permits are/will be arranged. The seller will inform the buyer immediately about any delays in obtaining such permits.
Seller's Story
Details
Rechtliche Informationen des Verkäufers
- Unternehmen:
- Jaenicke Njoya GmbH
- Repräsentant:
- Wolfgang Jaenicke
- Adresse:
- Jaenicke Njoya GmbH
Klausenerplatz 7
14059 Berlin
GERMANY - Telefonnummer:
- +493033951033
- Email:
- w.jaenicke@jaenicke-njoya.com
- USt-IdNr.:
- DE241193499
AGB
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