Spain. 1 Lettera di cambio 1828 1828

This historical document is a Spanish 1828 Letra de Cambio (Bill of Exchange), a very important financial and commercial instrument of the time used to transfer money between different cities without moving gold or silver physically.
The document is entirely original, printed on watermarked paper with pre-printed parts (the vignette and the fixed formulas) and widely filled in by hand in elegant nineteenth-century cursive script.

# Detailed Front Description (Recto)
* Place and Date: At the top left one reads clearly: "Madrid at 24 March 1828" (Madrid, 24 March 1828).
* Amount: At the top right, enclosed in a pre-printed decorative frame, the value is indicated: "Son Rs. Vn. 321 y 20 mrs." meaning 321 Reales de Vellón and 20 Maravedís (the currency in use in Spain at the time).
* Engraved Vignette (Left): Shows a rich coat of arms decorated with ribbons, a trident, arrows, and a central monogram. Below the coat of arms is a finely engraved inset depicting a maritime landscape with a coastal lookout tower (or lighthouse) and two sailing ships, symbol of maritime trade. At the top the serial number of the module is printed: N.° 13022.
* Main Text: The letter orders payment "A la vista" (on demand, i.e., at the moment of presentation) to the order of D. Manuel Rivas.
The text shows some era-specific pen cancellations on the central lines, a common practice when exact purposes or currency terms had to be corrected ("valor que sentará Vm. en cuenta...").
* Signatures and Recipient: At the bottom right is the autograph signature of the drawer, Joaquin Alcaide. At the bottom left is indicated the payment recipient (the drawee) located in the city of Ávila.

# Description of the Back (Verso)
The vertical images show the back of the document, which contains the so-called "Giradas" (Endorsements). When the original beneficiary wanted to transfer the credit to another person, he wrote on the back the endorsement formula:

1. The first endorsement is signed by Manuel Rivas himself in favor of D. José Perez, dated Cebreros, 31 March 1828.
2. The second endorsement further transfers the money to D. Laureano Martin Muro, dated Cebreros and Avila, 3 April 1828, signed by José Perez.
3. At the bottom appears the final payment receipt ("Recibí") signed by the ultimate beneficiary.

The handwritten names and signatures belong exclusively to local military officers, merchants, and private bankers operating in Spain during the 19th century:
• Joaquín Alcaide: The citizen or merchant who issued and signed the bill of exchange in Madrid.
• Manuel Rivas: The first beneficiary of the payment, whose autograph appears on both the front and back to endorse the title.
• Santos Aboín: Indicated in the text with the military rank of Colonel ("Coronel"), stationed or connected with the administration of the city of Ávila.
• José Pera and Laureano Martínez Muro: Inhabitants or merchants of Ávila ("vecinos de la ciudad de Ávila") who signed the subsequent endorsements on the back in April 1828.
Despite the lack of famous names, the document possesses excellent historical and collectible value for stamp-collecting enthusiasts, due to its ancient dating (1828), fully manual cursive transcription, and the presence of the pre-printed royal fiscal seal (Papel Sellado).

# Appraisal and Collectible Value
Pre-stamp and early nineteenth-century financial documents and letters of exchange are highly valued by collectors of postal history, scripophily, and economic history.

Factors that determine value:

* Strengths: The condition is excellent, the paper shows no destructive tears, the signatures are clear, the iron gall ink is well printed, and the presence of the complete set of endorsements on the back makes the document’s story integral and very interesting to collectors. The vignette with the ships is also a highly sought graphic theme.
* Limitations: Despite excellent quality and age (nearly two centuries), early nineteenth-century letters of exchange are not absolute rarities; several specimens circulate on specialized markets, which keeps the price accessible.

IA Description of the product ahref: Excellent historical value of Scripophilia
They are stored in A4 PVC sleeves.
Good preservation. See the image for a correct impression
Shipped with Registered Mail with tracking included and protected packaging.