A iron sculpture - Mumuye - Nigeria (No reserve price)

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A iron sculpture by the Mumuye from the Takum region in Nigeria; a black iron figure, 49 cm tall and weighing 570 g, in fair condition and sold without a stand.

AI-assisted summary

Description from the seller

Black iron sculpture Mumuye,
Takum region, Nigeria
A surface featuring gray-brown and rust-ochre tones, irregularities, and traces of oxidation, incl stand.

This black Mumuye iron object has a very elongated anthropomorphic shape, centered around a narrow, almost straight shaft. Its upper end forms a small, flattened head with a pointed top, where rounded eyes, two dots representing nostrils, and a horizontal mouth make up a stylized face. Two lateral branches curve downward like arms and end in broadened hands, whose fingers are indicated by incisions. Patterns of diamonds, chevrons, and crisscrossing lines run across the main face of the shaft, while the reverse side remains more understated. At the base, a coiled metal band surmounts a bundle of stems flaring at the ends in a spiral, set upon a black display base. The surface displays shades of gray-brown and rusty ochre, as well as irregularities and traces of oxidation, though these alone do not allow for a determination of its age. The reduction of the form to a few essential elements gives this figure an emblematic rather than a naturalistic character. In terms of ethnological context, Mumuye iron rods are documented in ritual practices intended to bring rain.

The Mumuye people live along the eastern bank of the Benue River in northern Nigeria, in a region shaped by diverse influences. Traditionally, the Mumuye use their figurative sculptures for a wide variety of purposes. These highly abstract figures, called “Lagalagan,” are entrusted to a trusted elder who keeps them in a shrine located within the compound. They are believed to have the power to manipulate the forces of nature and control human behavior. Mumuye figurines are used in ceremonies designed to bring rain, smelt iron, provide healing, offer advice, preside over trials, and participate in funerals. Mumuye figurines are among the most stylized found in West Africa. These exceptional sculptures are prime examples of the finest in abstraction and stylistic evolution in African sculpture.

Lit.: Richard Fardon, Espaces négatifs des sculptures Mumuyé : style, sculpture et ethnicité. In: Pour une histoire des arts d’Afrique précontemporains : méthodologie, historiographie, épistémologie, 10/2019. Frank Herreman, Mumuye. Sculpture from Nigeria. The human figure reinvented, 2016. William Rubin (Hg.), Primitivismus in der Kunst des 20. Jahrhunderts, 1996, 722. Frank Eerhart, The power of iron in Africa, 2013.

References
Afigbo, A. E. The Warrant Chiefs: Indirect Rule in Southeastern Nigeria 1891–1929. London: Longman, 1972.
Guyer, Jane I. “Soft Currencies, Cash Economies, New Monies: Past and Present.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 7 (2012): 2214–2221.
Johansson, Sture. African Currencies, Part II. Stockholm: Ethnographical Museum of Sweden, 1967.
Ofonagoro, Walter I. “From Traditional to British Currency in Southern Nigeria: Analysis of a Currency Revolution, 1880–1948.” The Journal of Economic History 39, no. 3 (1979): 623–654.
Usman, Aribidesi. “Economic Production and Exchange of States and Societies in Precolonial Nigeria.” In The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian History, edited by Toyin Falola and Matthew M. Heaton, 171–190. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.
Webb, James L. A. Jr. “Toward the Comparative Study of Money: A Reconsideration of West African Currencies and Neoclassical Monetary Concepts.” International Journal of African Historical Studies 15, no. 3 (1982): 455–466.
Iyanya, Victor. “Towards a Resuscitation of Indigenous Iron Technology among the Igede of Central Nigeria.” Journal of African Cultural Studies 24, no. 2 (2012): 223–236.

Some of the information and photos are generated by artificial intelligence and is based on published sources from the fields of ethnography, archaeology, and art history documents. All information and photos are protected by copyright.

Inv. No. MAZ29910

Informant Amadou Dogo

Seller's Story

Wolfgang Jaenicke’s engagement with African art did not begin in the field or the marketplace but in a quieter, more inward space—among papers, books, and objects that belonged to his father. The archive on Germany’s former colonies was not arranged to tell a single story; it suggested many. It invited scrutiny rather than reverence, and it taught Jaenicke early on that objects are never mute. They carry time inside them—fracture and continuity held in the same form—and they ask to be read as carefully as texts. For more than a quarter century, Jaenicke has worked as a collector, dealer, and intermediary, though none of these terms quite captures the shape of his practice. What used to be grouped, too casually, under the heading of “Tribal Art” has never appeared to him as a sealed or historical category. It is, instead, a set of living traditions, constantly negotiating the present. His academic training—in ethnology, art history, and comparative law—provided a grammar. The language itself he learned elsewhere. In Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Togo, and Ghana, knowledge emerged slowly, through repeated encounters that hardened into relationships, and through trust built not all at once but over years. Mali became the gravitational center of this experience. Between 2002 and 2012, Jaenicke lived and worked in Bamako and Ségou, where he ran Tribalartforum, a gallery overlooking the Niger River. The space resisted easy chronology. Sculptures and ceramics shared the room with photography, and works by Malick Sidibé—images of Malian youth in the 1970s, self-assured and exuberant—hung alongside older ritual forms. The effect was not nostalgic but clarifying: past and present did not cancel each other out; they sharpened one another. The war of 2012 ended this chapter abruptly, as wars tend to do. But it did not dissolve the work. Together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke regrouped in Lomé, closer to the places where many of the objects originated and to the routes they continue to travel. Since 2018, Berlin has become another point on this map. Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke now operates opposite Charlottenburg Palace, supported by a small team of specialists. Its focus rests, in particular, on West African bronzes and terracottas—materials shaped by earth and fire, and by forms of memory that resist easy translation. What distinguishes Jaenicke’s practice is not only its geographical range but its internal tension. Fieldwork is paired with provenance research; commerce is treated as inseparable from responsibility. In collaboration with museums and scholarly initiatives, circulation is framed not as extraction but as an ethical process that remains unfinished. The aim is not to remove objects from the world and seal them off, but to keep them readable within it—to allow them to continue speaking, even as the conditions of their speech change. ------------ Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke is a Berlin-based gallery specializing in West African sculpture, bronzes, terracottas, masks, and contemporary African art. It is directed by Wolfgang Jaenicke, whose work combines collecting, dealing, provenance research, fieldwork, and archival documentation. According to the gallery’s own account, Jaenicke studied ethnology, art history, and comparative law and has worked in the field of African art for more than twenty-five years. His activities developed through long-term engagement in countries including Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Togo. Rather than presenting African art as a closed historical category, he describes it as a continuing cultural tradition shaped by living communities and changing historical contexts. A particularly important phase of his career was in Mali, where he lived and worked between roughly 2002 and 2012 in Bamako and Ségou. There he operated Tribalartforum, a gallery that combined historical African sculpture with contemporary African photography, including works by Malick Sidibé. The political and military crisis in Mali in 2012 led to the closure of this phase of activity. Later, together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke continued working from Lomé, Togo, before establishing a gallery presence in Berlin near Charlottenburg Palace. The gallery places particular emphasis on West African bronzes, terracottas, Benin and Ife-related works, Nok sculpture, Dogon art, Baule sculpture, Senufo objects, and Yoruba material. One distinctive aspect of Jaenicke’s public position is his repeated emphasis on provenance transparency and restitution debates. On several published object records, the gallery explicitly discusses issues surrounding export documentation, UNESCO conventions, ownership histories, and communication with scholars and restitution researchers. These statements reflect broader contemporary debates about the circulation of African cultural heritage, legality, collecting history, and museum acquisition practices. The gallery maintains extensive online archives and catalogues documenting hundreds of African objects, including Benin and Ife bronzes, Nok terracottas, Dogon sculptures, Baule figures, Fon objects, Moba figures, and other West African material. For researchers interested in the history of the African art trade, Jaenicke represents a later generation of dealers compared with figures such as John J. Klejman. Whereas Klejman belonged to the postwar New York market of the 1950s–1970s, Jaenicke’s work has been shaped by contemporary concerns with field documentation, provenance research, restitution discussions, digital archives, and direct engagement with West African networks and artists. This text is based on AI Information

Black iron sculpture Mumuye,
Takum region, Nigeria
A surface featuring gray-brown and rust-ochre tones, irregularities, and traces of oxidation, incl stand.

This black Mumuye iron object has a very elongated anthropomorphic shape, centered around a narrow, almost straight shaft. Its upper end forms a small, flattened head with a pointed top, where rounded eyes, two dots representing nostrils, and a horizontal mouth make up a stylized face. Two lateral branches curve downward like arms and end in broadened hands, whose fingers are indicated by incisions. Patterns of diamonds, chevrons, and crisscrossing lines run across the main face of the shaft, while the reverse side remains more understated. At the base, a coiled metal band surmounts a bundle of stems flaring at the ends in a spiral, set upon a black display base. The surface displays shades of gray-brown and rusty ochre, as well as irregularities and traces of oxidation, though these alone do not allow for a determination of its age. The reduction of the form to a few essential elements gives this figure an emblematic rather than a naturalistic character. In terms of ethnological context, Mumuye iron rods are documented in ritual practices intended to bring rain.

The Mumuye people live along the eastern bank of the Benue River in northern Nigeria, in a region shaped by diverse influences. Traditionally, the Mumuye use their figurative sculptures for a wide variety of purposes. These highly abstract figures, called “Lagalagan,” are entrusted to a trusted elder who keeps them in a shrine located within the compound. They are believed to have the power to manipulate the forces of nature and control human behavior. Mumuye figurines are used in ceremonies designed to bring rain, smelt iron, provide healing, offer advice, preside over trials, and participate in funerals. Mumuye figurines are among the most stylized found in West Africa. These exceptional sculptures are prime examples of the finest in abstraction and stylistic evolution in African sculpture.

Lit.: Richard Fardon, Espaces négatifs des sculptures Mumuyé : style, sculpture et ethnicité. In: Pour une histoire des arts d’Afrique précontemporains : méthodologie, historiographie, épistémologie, 10/2019. Frank Herreman, Mumuye. Sculpture from Nigeria. The human figure reinvented, 2016. William Rubin (Hg.), Primitivismus in der Kunst des 20. Jahrhunderts, 1996, 722. Frank Eerhart, The power of iron in Africa, 2013.

References
Afigbo, A. E. The Warrant Chiefs: Indirect Rule in Southeastern Nigeria 1891–1929. London: Longman, 1972.
Guyer, Jane I. “Soft Currencies, Cash Economies, New Monies: Past and Present.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 7 (2012): 2214–2221.
Johansson, Sture. African Currencies, Part II. Stockholm: Ethnographical Museum of Sweden, 1967.
Ofonagoro, Walter I. “From Traditional to British Currency in Southern Nigeria: Analysis of a Currency Revolution, 1880–1948.” The Journal of Economic History 39, no. 3 (1979): 623–654.
Usman, Aribidesi. “Economic Production and Exchange of States and Societies in Precolonial Nigeria.” In The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian History, edited by Toyin Falola and Matthew M. Heaton, 171–190. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.
Webb, James L. A. Jr. “Toward the Comparative Study of Money: A Reconsideration of West African Currencies and Neoclassical Monetary Concepts.” International Journal of African Historical Studies 15, no. 3 (1982): 455–466.
Iyanya, Victor. “Towards a Resuscitation of Indigenous Iron Technology among the Igede of Central Nigeria.” Journal of African Cultural Studies 24, no. 2 (2012): 223–236.

Some of the information and photos are generated by artificial intelligence and is based on published sources from the fields of ethnography, archaeology, and art history documents. All information and photos are protected by copyright.

Inv. No. MAZ29910

Informant Amadou Dogo

Seller's Story

Wolfgang Jaenicke’s engagement with African art did not begin in the field or the marketplace but in a quieter, more inward space—among papers, books, and objects that belonged to his father. The archive on Germany’s former colonies was not arranged to tell a single story; it suggested many. It invited scrutiny rather than reverence, and it taught Jaenicke early on that objects are never mute. They carry time inside them—fracture and continuity held in the same form—and they ask to be read as carefully as texts. For more than a quarter century, Jaenicke has worked as a collector, dealer, and intermediary, though none of these terms quite captures the shape of his practice. What used to be grouped, too casually, under the heading of “Tribal Art” has never appeared to him as a sealed or historical category. It is, instead, a set of living traditions, constantly negotiating the present. His academic training—in ethnology, art history, and comparative law—provided a grammar. The language itself he learned elsewhere. In Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Togo, and Ghana, knowledge emerged slowly, through repeated encounters that hardened into relationships, and through trust built not all at once but over years. Mali became the gravitational center of this experience. Between 2002 and 2012, Jaenicke lived and worked in Bamako and Ségou, where he ran Tribalartforum, a gallery overlooking the Niger River. The space resisted easy chronology. Sculptures and ceramics shared the room with photography, and works by Malick Sidibé—images of Malian youth in the 1970s, self-assured and exuberant—hung alongside older ritual forms. The effect was not nostalgic but clarifying: past and present did not cancel each other out; they sharpened one another. The war of 2012 ended this chapter abruptly, as wars tend to do. But it did not dissolve the work. Together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke regrouped in Lomé, closer to the places where many of the objects originated and to the routes they continue to travel. Since 2018, Berlin has become another point on this map. Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke now operates opposite Charlottenburg Palace, supported by a small team of specialists. Its focus rests, in particular, on West African bronzes and terracottas—materials shaped by earth and fire, and by forms of memory that resist easy translation. What distinguishes Jaenicke’s practice is not only its geographical range but its internal tension. Fieldwork is paired with provenance research; commerce is treated as inseparable from responsibility. In collaboration with museums and scholarly initiatives, circulation is framed not as extraction but as an ethical process that remains unfinished. The aim is not to remove objects from the world and seal them off, but to keep them readable within it—to allow them to continue speaking, even as the conditions of their speech change. ------------ Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke is a Berlin-based gallery specializing in West African sculpture, bronzes, terracottas, masks, and contemporary African art. It is directed by Wolfgang Jaenicke, whose work combines collecting, dealing, provenance research, fieldwork, and archival documentation. According to the gallery’s own account, Jaenicke studied ethnology, art history, and comparative law and has worked in the field of African art for more than twenty-five years. His activities developed through long-term engagement in countries including Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Togo. Rather than presenting African art as a closed historical category, he describes it as a continuing cultural tradition shaped by living communities and changing historical contexts. A particularly important phase of his career was in Mali, where he lived and worked between roughly 2002 and 2012 in Bamako and Ségou. There he operated Tribalartforum, a gallery that combined historical African sculpture with contemporary African photography, including works by Malick Sidibé. The political and military crisis in Mali in 2012 led to the closure of this phase of activity. Later, together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke continued working from Lomé, Togo, before establishing a gallery presence in Berlin near Charlottenburg Palace. The gallery places particular emphasis on West African bronzes, terracottas, Benin and Ife-related works, Nok sculpture, Dogon art, Baule sculpture, Senufo objects, and Yoruba material. One distinctive aspect of Jaenicke’s public position is his repeated emphasis on provenance transparency and restitution debates. On several published object records, the gallery explicitly discusses issues surrounding export documentation, UNESCO conventions, ownership histories, and communication with scholars and restitution researchers. These statements reflect broader contemporary debates about the circulation of African cultural heritage, legality, collecting history, and museum acquisition practices. The gallery maintains extensive online archives and catalogues documenting hundreds of African objects, including Benin and Ife bronzes, Nok terracottas, Dogon sculptures, Baule figures, Fon objects, Moba figures, and other West African material. For researchers interested in the history of the African art trade, Jaenicke represents a later generation of dealers compared with figures such as John J. Klejman. Whereas Klejman belonged to the postwar New York market of the 1950s–1970s, Jaenicke’s work has been shaped by contemporary concerns with field documentation, provenance research, restitution discussions, digital archives, and direct engagement with West African networks and artists. This text is based on AI Information

Details

Ethnic group/ culture
Mumuye
Country of Origin
Nigeria
Material
Black Iron
Sold with stand
No
Condition
Fair condition
Title of artwork
A iron sculpture
Height
49 cm
Weight
570 g
GermanyVerified
6867
Objects sold
99.81%
protop

Rechtliche Informationen des Verkäufers

Unternehmen:
Jaenicke Njoya GmbH
Repräsentant:
Wolfgang Jaenicke
Adresse:
Jaenicke Njoya GmbH
Klausenerplatz 7
14059 Berlin
GERMANY
Telefonnummer:
+493033951033
Email:
w.jaenicke@jaenicke-njoya.com
USt-IdNr.:
DE241193499

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