Spain. 1720 pesetas 1894

This seventh document is a commercial "Primera de Cambio" (Bill of Exchange) issued in Barcelona (Spain) on February 1, 1895. The title features a magnificent black intaglio header with the elaborate security caption "Hasta el endoso de Antonio Freixa" (Until Antonio Freixa’s endorsement).
It is a very relevant piece for the study of monetary circulation and of internal wine trade in late 19th-century Spain.
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# Description and analysis of the document

* The Financial Transaction: The bill is issued for the amount of 1,720 pesetas ("Por Ptas 1.720"). It provides for payment on the next April 1 to the beneficiary Don Jaime Oliveras of Barcelona.
* The Route of the Wine Trade: The draft is addressed to the firm "Sres. Gutiérrez Hermanos" in Jerez de la Frontera (the famous Sherry house already encountered in previous lots). On the left margin there is a handwritten note in red ink indicating the supporting bankers in case of need: "Sres. Diez Vergara y C.ª". This demonstrates the close business and supply links between the Catalan distributors and the large Andalusian wine producers.
* Official Stamps and Cancellations: On the front there are two mirror-image black oval stamps from the Banco de España - Jerez (one bearing internal registration number 29.131).
* The Back and the History of the Endorsements: The second photo shows the incredible journey of the title through the endorsements written by hand:
1. From Jaime Oliveras in favor of Sres. Busá y Durán (Barcelona, February 1, 1895)
2. From Busá y Durán in favor of Don Antonio Freixa (Barcelona, March 14, 1895)
3. From Antonio Freixa in favor of the Banco de España, with the blue official oval stamp of the "Sucursal en Barcelona" dated March 26, 1895.
4. At the bottom, the definitive stamp "RECIBI" (Received) of the cashier of the Banco de España branch in Jerez de la Frontera, certifying payment and closure of the bill.

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# Important figures and historical context

1. Antonio Freixa: A prominent and influential Catalan merchant and industrialist dynasty of the 19th century, active in finance and large-scale trade. His name is printed directly on the module plate as a guarantee of protection for the title.
2. Gutiérrez Hermanos: The historic winery in Jerez. This document attests to their payment channels toward Catalonia, highlighting the complex network of banking institutions (including the Banco de España) used to settle accounts related to wine shipments.
3. Diez Vergara y C.ª: Another historic and important dynasty of producers and bankers of Jerez de la Frontera, active since the previous century in Sherry trade.

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# Estimate of commercial value
Spanish financial documents from the late 19th century tied to the Banco de España, rich in stamps from different branches (Barcelona and Jerez) and closely connected to the history of the great Andalusian bodegas, are highly coveted by collectors of Iberian scripophily. The preservation state is excellent: the paper has a beautiful patina, the calligraphic brown-violet ink writings are crisp, and the back stamps are exceptionally clear.

* Estimated value of the document: Consistently sits between 50€ and 95€.
* Premium elements: The richness of the chain of endorsements on the back, the double validation by the Spanish central bank (Banco de España), and the exceptional preservation of the closing stamps in Jerez push the value toward the higher end of the category.
AI description aid
Excellent historical value for Scripophily
They are kept in A4 PVC sleeves.
Good conservation. See the image for a proper impression
Shipped by Registered Mail with tracking included and Protected Packaging.