A bronze sculpture - Dogon - Mali (No reserve price)

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Dimitri André
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Selected by Dimitri André

Holds a postgraduate degree in African studies and 15 years experience in African art.

Estimate  € 210 - € 250
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A bronze sculpture from Mali depicting a Dogon equestrian figure, provenance Mopti region, weight 390 g, height 12 cm, in fair condition, original/official authenticity.

AI-assisted summary

Description from the seller

Dogon Equestrian Figure Sculpture,

Origin: Mopti region, Mali.

Material: copper-tin bronze, a copper-zinc brass

Date: Copper horsemen have been known in the region since the Middle Ages, while comparable equestrian jewelry dates from the 19th to the mid-20th century.

Description

The composition combines a highly stylized quadruped with a mounted figure. The animal has a slender body, a long neck extending forward, and an angular head with two pointed ears. Its thin, strongly curved legs form irregular arcs; its tail forms an open loop that accentuates the movement. The rider rises vertically above the animal's back: his torso is spindly, his head is flattened, and his disproportionately long arms frame his upper body. One hand appears to reach toward his head, while the other extends toward a conical element with a flared rim, which could resemble a vessel, a horn, or a ceremonial object. The work is largely openwork: the spaces between the limbs play a full part in the composition. The surface alternates between dark brown, golden highlights, and green deposits, with irregularities and concretions that suggest a complex material history, though they do not constitute proof of antiquity.

Historical and Artistic Analysis

The visual interest lies in the contrast between the horizontality of the mount and the verticality of the rider. The foundry artist does not seek a naturalistic anatomy: he condenses the horse into curved lines and transforms the figure into a hieratic symbol. This formal economy brings the object closer to small Sahelian castings that concentrate an idea of power into a portable format. In the Middle Niger region, the horse is associated with wealth, prestige, leadership, and military power, as acquiring and maintaining one has long been costly. In certain Dogon contexts, the rider may evoke the hogon, the high priest who upholds communal order, or be linked to cosmological narratives associated with the Nommo. However, these interpretations should not be automatically applied to every Malian equestrian work. The conical element could signify an offering, a drink, music, or ceremonial speech, but the lack of fieldwork documentation means these interpretations must remain hypotheses.

Scientifically Grounded Description

The term "bronze" remains conventional: the appearance does not allow one to distinguish between a copper-tin bronze, a copper-zinc brass, or a lead-containing alloy. X-ray fluorescence analysis at multiple points would be necessary to characterize the metal, while taking into account the effects of surface corrosion, as this technique primarily analyzes layers close to the surface. The complexity of the forms, the slender limbs, and the openwork suggest lost-wax casting: a wax model would have been encased in clay, then replaced by molten metal after heating; since the mold is broken when the object is removed, each direct casting is, in principle, unique. An X-ray could reveal internal cores, repairs, welds, or casting defects, while a microscopic examination would distinguish traces of modeling, chiseling, and wear. The green patina likely corresponds to copper corrosion products, but its color alone is insufficient to authenticate or date the piece. Without historical provenance and technical analyses, the possibility of a recent fabrication intentionally given a patina cannot be ruled out.

Social and Ritual Function

The exact function remains undetermined. The small size and symbolic power of the horseman are consistent with a talisman, an altar figure, a personal object, or a badge of prestige. Dogon or Bozo equestrian pendants have been interpreted as amulets responding to individual requests, particularly for fertility, influence, or political success. More monumental equestrian figures may represent, in certain Dogon contexts, the hogon, a founding ancestor, or a protector of the community.

However, the photographed piece shows no obvious suspension loop or traces of an offering that would confirm any of these uses. It is therefore more accurate to view it as a condensed image of power, mobility, protection, and mediation, the function of which likely depended on the owner, the place of preservation, and local practices.

Selected Bibliography

LaGamma, Alisa, ed. Sahel: Art and Empires on the Shores of the Sahara. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2020.

Leloup, Hélène. Dogon. Paris: Somogy and Musée du quai Branly, 2011.

Ezra, Kate. Art of the Dogon: Selections from the Lester Wunderman Collection. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art and Abrams, 1988.

Herbert, Eugenia W. *Red Gold of Africa: Copper in Precolonial History and Culture*. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

McIntosh, Roderick J. *Ancient Middle Niger: Urbanism and the Self-organizing Landscape*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

The publications mentioned serve for comparative art historical classification. They do not establish the specific cultural attribution, dating, or original use of the sculpture in question.

Copyright and Scientific Documentation

Some of the information and photographs have been generated with the assistance of artificial intelligence and are based on published sources in ethnography, archaeology, and art history. Original texts and photographs may be protected by copyright. All rights held by the respective copyright holders are reserved.

Inv. No. MAZ32768

Informant: Amadou Dogo

Seller's Story

Wolfgang Jaenicke’s engagement with African art did not begin in the field or the marketplace but in a quieter, more inward space—among papers, books, and objects that belonged to his father. The archive on Germany’s former colonies was not arranged to tell a single story; it suggested many. It invited scrutiny rather than reverence, and it taught Jaenicke early on that objects are never mute. They carry time inside them—fracture and continuity held in the same form—and they ask to be read as carefully as texts. For more than a quarter century, Jaenicke has worked as a collector, dealer, and intermediary, though none of these terms quite captures the shape of his practice. What used to be grouped, too casually, under the heading of “Tribal Art” has never appeared to him as a sealed or historical category. It is, instead, a set of living traditions, constantly negotiating the present. His academic training—in ethnology, art history, and comparative law—provided a grammar. The language itself he learned elsewhere. In Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Togo, and Ghana, knowledge emerged slowly, through repeated encounters that hardened into relationships, and through trust built not all at once but over years. Mali became the gravitational center of this experience. Between 2002 and 2012, Jaenicke lived and worked in Bamako and Ségou, where he ran Tribalartforum, a gallery overlooking the Niger River. The space resisted easy chronology. Sculptures and ceramics shared the room with photography, and works by Malick Sidibé—images of Malian youth in the 1970s, self-assured and exuberant—hung alongside older ritual forms. The effect was not nostalgic but clarifying: past and present did not cancel each other out; they sharpened one another. The war of 2012 ended this chapter abruptly, as wars tend to do. But it did not dissolve the work. Together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke regrouped in Lomé, closer to the places where many of the objects originated and to the routes they continue to travel. Since 2018, Berlin has become another point on this map. Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke now operates opposite Charlottenburg Palace, supported by a small team of specialists. Its focus rests, in particular, on West African bronzes and terracottas—materials shaped by earth and fire, and by forms of memory that resist easy translation. What distinguishes Jaenicke’s practice is not only its geographical range but its internal tension. Fieldwork is paired with provenance research; commerce is treated as inseparable from responsibility. In collaboration with museums and scholarly initiatives, circulation is framed not as extraction but as an ethical process that remains unfinished. The aim is not to remove objects from the world and seal them off, but to keep them readable within it—to allow them to continue speaking, even as the conditions of their speech change. ------------ Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke is a Berlin-based gallery specializing in West African sculpture, bronzes, terracottas, masks, and contemporary African art. It is directed by Wolfgang Jaenicke, whose work combines collecting, dealing, provenance research, fieldwork, and archival documentation. According to the gallery’s own account, Jaenicke studied ethnology, art history, and comparative law and has worked in the field of African art for more than twenty-five years. His activities developed through long-term engagement in countries including Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Togo. Rather than presenting African art as a closed historical category, he describes it as a continuing cultural tradition shaped by living communities and changing historical contexts. A particularly important phase of his career was in Mali, where he lived and worked between roughly 2002 and 2012 in Bamako and Ségou. There he operated Tribalartforum, a gallery that combined historical African sculpture with contemporary African photography, including works by Malick Sidibé. The political and military crisis in Mali in 2012 led to the closure of this phase of activity. Later, together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke continued working from Lomé, Togo, before establishing a gallery presence in Berlin near Charlottenburg Palace. The gallery places particular emphasis on West African bronzes, terracottas, Benin and Ife-related works, Nok sculpture, Dogon art, Baule sculpture, Senufo objects, and Yoruba material. One distinctive aspect of Jaenicke’s public position is his repeated emphasis on provenance transparency and restitution debates. On several published object records, the gallery explicitly discusses issues surrounding export documentation, UNESCO conventions, ownership histories, and communication with scholars and restitution researchers. These statements reflect broader contemporary debates about the circulation of African cultural heritage, legality, collecting history, and museum acquisition practices. The gallery maintains extensive online archives and catalogues documenting hundreds of African objects, including Benin and Ife bronzes, Nok terracottas, Dogon sculptures, Baule figures, Fon objects, Moba figures, and other West African material. For researchers interested in the history of the African art trade, Jaenicke represents a later generation of dealers compared with figures such as John J. Klejman. Whereas Klejman belonged to the postwar New York market of the 1950s–1970s, Jaenicke’s work has been shaped by contemporary concerns with field documentation, provenance research, restitution discussions, digital archives, and direct engagement with West African networks and artists. This text is based on AI Information

Dogon Equestrian Figure Sculpture,

Origin: Mopti region, Mali.

Material: copper-tin bronze, a copper-zinc brass

Date: Copper horsemen have been known in the region since the Middle Ages, while comparable equestrian jewelry dates from the 19th to the mid-20th century.

Description

The composition combines a highly stylized quadruped with a mounted figure. The animal has a slender body, a long neck extending forward, and an angular head with two pointed ears. Its thin, strongly curved legs form irregular arcs; its tail forms an open loop that accentuates the movement. The rider rises vertically above the animal's back: his torso is spindly, his head is flattened, and his disproportionately long arms frame his upper body. One hand appears to reach toward his head, while the other extends toward a conical element with a flared rim, which could resemble a vessel, a horn, or a ceremonial object. The work is largely openwork: the spaces between the limbs play a full part in the composition. The surface alternates between dark brown, golden highlights, and green deposits, with irregularities and concretions that suggest a complex material history, though they do not constitute proof of antiquity.

Historical and Artistic Analysis

The visual interest lies in the contrast between the horizontality of the mount and the verticality of the rider. The foundry artist does not seek a naturalistic anatomy: he condenses the horse into curved lines and transforms the figure into a hieratic symbol. This formal economy brings the object closer to small Sahelian castings that concentrate an idea of power into a portable format. In the Middle Niger region, the horse is associated with wealth, prestige, leadership, and military power, as acquiring and maintaining one has long been costly. In certain Dogon contexts, the rider may evoke the hogon, the high priest who upholds communal order, or be linked to cosmological narratives associated with the Nommo. However, these interpretations should not be automatically applied to every Malian equestrian work. The conical element could signify an offering, a drink, music, or ceremonial speech, but the lack of fieldwork documentation means these interpretations must remain hypotheses.

Scientifically Grounded Description

The term "bronze" remains conventional: the appearance does not allow one to distinguish between a copper-tin bronze, a copper-zinc brass, or a lead-containing alloy. X-ray fluorescence analysis at multiple points would be necessary to characterize the metal, while taking into account the effects of surface corrosion, as this technique primarily analyzes layers close to the surface. The complexity of the forms, the slender limbs, and the openwork suggest lost-wax casting: a wax model would have been encased in clay, then replaced by molten metal after heating; since the mold is broken when the object is removed, each direct casting is, in principle, unique. An X-ray could reveal internal cores, repairs, welds, or casting defects, while a microscopic examination would distinguish traces of modeling, chiseling, and wear. The green patina likely corresponds to copper corrosion products, but its color alone is insufficient to authenticate or date the piece. Without historical provenance and technical analyses, the possibility of a recent fabrication intentionally given a patina cannot be ruled out.

Social and Ritual Function

The exact function remains undetermined. The small size and symbolic power of the horseman are consistent with a talisman, an altar figure, a personal object, or a badge of prestige. Dogon or Bozo equestrian pendants have been interpreted as amulets responding to individual requests, particularly for fertility, influence, or political success. More monumental equestrian figures may represent, in certain Dogon contexts, the hogon, a founding ancestor, or a protector of the community.

However, the photographed piece shows no obvious suspension loop or traces of an offering that would confirm any of these uses. It is therefore more accurate to view it as a condensed image of power, mobility, protection, and mediation, the function of which likely depended on the owner, the place of preservation, and local practices.

Selected Bibliography

LaGamma, Alisa, ed. Sahel: Art and Empires on the Shores of the Sahara. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2020.

Leloup, Hélène. Dogon. Paris: Somogy and Musée du quai Branly, 2011.

Ezra, Kate. Art of the Dogon: Selections from the Lester Wunderman Collection. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art and Abrams, 1988.

Herbert, Eugenia W. *Red Gold of Africa: Copper in Precolonial History and Culture*. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984.

McIntosh, Roderick J. *Ancient Middle Niger: Urbanism and the Self-organizing Landscape*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

The publications mentioned serve for comparative art historical classification. They do not establish the specific cultural attribution, dating, or original use of the sculpture in question.

Copyright and Scientific Documentation

Some of the information and photographs have been generated with the assistance of artificial intelligence and are based on published sources in ethnography, archaeology, and art history. Original texts and photographs may be protected by copyright. All rights held by the respective copyright holders are reserved.

Inv. No. MAZ32768

Informant: Amadou Dogo

Seller's Story

Wolfgang Jaenicke’s engagement with African art did not begin in the field or the marketplace but in a quieter, more inward space—among papers, books, and objects that belonged to his father. The archive on Germany’s former colonies was not arranged to tell a single story; it suggested many. It invited scrutiny rather than reverence, and it taught Jaenicke early on that objects are never mute. They carry time inside them—fracture and continuity held in the same form—and they ask to be read as carefully as texts. For more than a quarter century, Jaenicke has worked as a collector, dealer, and intermediary, though none of these terms quite captures the shape of his practice. What used to be grouped, too casually, under the heading of “Tribal Art” has never appeared to him as a sealed or historical category. It is, instead, a set of living traditions, constantly negotiating the present. His academic training—in ethnology, art history, and comparative law—provided a grammar. The language itself he learned elsewhere. In Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Togo, and Ghana, knowledge emerged slowly, through repeated encounters that hardened into relationships, and through trust built not all at once but over years. Mali became the gravitational center of this experience. Between 2002 and 2012, Jaenicke lived and worked in Bamako and Ségou, where he ran Tribalartforum, a gallery overlooking the Niger River. The space resisted easy chronology. Sculptures and ceramics shared the room with photography, and works by Malick Sidibé—images of Malian youth in the 1970s, self-assured and exuberant—hung alongside older ritual forms. The effect was not nostalgic but clarifying: past and present did not cancel each other out; they sharpened one another. The war of 2012 ended this chapter abruptly, as wars tend to do. But it did not dissolve the work. Together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke regrouped in Lomé, closer to the places where many of the objects originated and to the routes they continue to travel. Since 2018, Berlin has become another point on this map. Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke now operates opposite Charlottenburg Palace, supported by a small team of specialists. Its focus rests, in particular, on West African bronzes and terracottas—materials shaped by earth and fire, and by forms of memory that resist easy translation. What distinguishes Jaenicke’s practice is not only its geographical range but its internal tension. Fieldwork is paired with provenance research; commerce is treated as inseparable from responsibility. In collaboration with museums and scholarly initiatives, circulation is framed not as extraction but as an ethical process that remains unfinished. The aim is not to remove objects from the world and seal them off, but to keep them readable within it—to allow them to continue speaking, even as the conditions of their speech change. ------------ Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke is a Berlin-based gallery specializing in West African sculpture, bronzes, terracottas, masks, and contemporary African art. It is directed by Wolfgang Jaenicke, whose work combines collecting, dealing, provenance research, fieldwork, and archival documentation. According to the gallery’s own account, Jaenicke studied ethnology, art history, and comparative law and has worked in the field of African art for more than twenty-five years. His activities developed through long-term engagement in countries including Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Togo. Rather than presenting African art as a closed historical category, he describes it as a continuing cultural tradition shaped by living communities and changing historical contexts. A particularly important phase of his career was in Mali, where he lived and worked between roughly 2002 and 2012 in Bamako and Ségou. There he operated Tribalartforum, a gallery that combined historical African sculpture with contemporary African photography, including works by Malick Sidibé. The political and military crisis in Mali in 2012 led to the closure of this phase of activity. Later, together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke continued working from Lomé, Togo, before establishing a gallery presence in Berlin near Charlottenburg Palace. The gallery places particular emphasis on West African bronzes, terracottas, Benin and Ife-related works, Nok sculpture, Dogon art, Baule sculpture, Senufo objects, and Yoruba material. One distinctive aspect of Jaenicke’s public position is his repeated emphasis on provenance transparency and restitution debates. On several published object records, the gallery explicitly discusses issues surrounding export documentation, UNESCO conventions, ownership histories, and communication with scholars and restitution researchers. These statements reflect broader contemporary debates about the circulation of African cultural heritage, legality, collecting history, and museum acquisition practices. The gallery maintains extensive online archives and catalogues documenting hundreds of African objects, including Benin and Ife bronzes, Nok terracottas, Dogon sculptures, Baule figures, Fon objects, Moba figures, and other West African material. For researchers interested in the history of the African art trade, Jaenicke represents a later generation of dealers compared with figures such as John J. Klejman. Whereas Klejman belonged to the postwar New York market of the 1950s–1970s, Jaenicke’s work has been shaped by contemporary concerns with field documentation, provenance research, restitution discussions, digital archives, and direct engagement with West African networks and artists. This text is based on AI Information

Details

Ethnic group/ culture
Dogon
Country of Origin
Mali
Material
Bronze
Sold with stand
No
Condition
Fair condition
Title of artwork
A bronze sculpture
Height
12 cm
Weight
390 g
Authenticity
Original/official
GermanyVerified
6936
Objects sold
99.42%
protop

Rechtliche Informationen des Verkäufers

Unternehmen:
Jaenicke Njoya GmbH
Repräsentant:
Wolfgang Jaenicke
Adresse:
Jaenicke Njoya GmbH
Klausenerplatz 7
14059 Berlin
GERMANY
Telefonnummer:
+493033951033
Email:
w.jaenicke@jaenicke-njoya.com
USt-IdNr.:
DE241193499

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