A bone sculpture - Ewe - Togo (No reserve price)

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Dimitri André
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Holds a postgraduate degree in African studies and 15 years experience in African art.

Estimate  € 280 - € 330
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Bone sculpture titled 'A bone sculpture' from the Ewe of southeastern Togo, weighing 400 g and 26 cm high, in fair condition and authentic.

AI-assisted summary

Description from the seller

Female anthropomorphic bone sculpture, Ewe

Origin: Southeastern Togo

Material: Bone, dense organic material, honey-brown to dark brown in color.

Description

This Ewe anthropomorphic object takes the form of a long, slightly curved piece, carved in high relief around a cylindrical base. The surface has a honey-brown to dark brown color, highly polished in places, with light beige deposits in the recesses and incisions. The main figure is a standing woman, depicted in profile or three-quarter view. Her head is voluminous, with a high forehead, elongated eyes, a prominent nose, and a slightly open mouth. A long hairstyle composed of incised vertical strands cascades down her back. Her prominent breasts, rounded belly, and the shape of her hips explicitly emphasize her femininity. Her right arm hangs down alongside her body, while her other arm appears to reach toward or support the circular vessel positioned above her head. This small vessel at the top serves an essential functional purpose: it is hollowed out and contains a genuine cavity. Two engraved horizontal lines mark its rim. At the back, a sculpted arm extends upward toward the vessel, as if the woman were carrying and stabilizing a load on her head. The lower part of the composition features a second small human figure, much smaller in scale, positioned against or in front of the main woman's legs. This hierarchical arrangement thus combines a large female figure, a vessel, and a secondary figure.

Historical and Artistic Analysis

In the Ewe cultural context, human representation is not merely an individual portrait. Sculptures can play a role in religious and social systems involving ancestors, deities (voodoo), protection, destiny, healing, and family lineage. The National Museum of African Art holds several figures attributed to Ewe artists from Togo and Ghana, demonstrating that figurative sculpture is indeed part of this region's artistic repertoire. These works may be made of wood, pigmented, or covered with sacrificial materials. The woman carrying a vessel constitutes the symbolic center of the composition here. In many West African art traditions, the gesture of carrying a container on the head can evoke food, water, offerings, or domestic and ritual responsibility. It would nevertheless be methodologically excessive to automatically attribute this sculpture to a specific deity. Among the Ewe, religious systems are diverse: they include ancestor worship, vodu or trõ, Afa divination, lineage shrines, and various sacrificial practices. Claude Rivière specifically highlights the diversity of rites, offerings, religious specialists, and recognized powers among the Ewe of Togo. Stylistically, the artist favored a narrative sculpture over strictly naturalistic anatomy. The feminine forms are accentuated, while the legs and torso partially merge with the vertical mass of the base. The incisions in the hair, belt, and vessel create a graphic contrast with the polished surfaces of the face, abdomen, and breasts. This alternation of relief and smooth areas reinforces the vertical reading of the object.

Ritual Function and Interpretation

The presence of a small, actual vessel at the top suggests a function beyond the purely decorative. It could be a small ritual receptacle, an element intended to hold a substance, a powder, an oil, plant materials, or a small offering. In the religious practices of southern Togo studied by Albert de Surgy, ritual materiality is fundamental: objects can hold substances, libations, plant or animal materials, and become vehicles for relationships between humans and invisible powers. The apparent absence of a thick sacrificial crust and the overall polish could also indicate a prestigious use, whether domestic or ceremonial. The small figure located in the lower part could be interpreted as a child, a dependent, or an ancestral figure. The emphasis placed on femininity could evoke fertility, motherhood, lineage continuity, or the feminine capacity to nurture and pass on traditions. In Ewe societies, the body, kinship, and relationships with spiritual powers can be closely intertwined. Sandra Greene's historical work on the Anlo-Ewe also demonstrates the extent to which women's roles, kinship, and religious affiliations have contributed to the transformation of the region's social structures.

Selected Bibliography

Rivière, Claude. Religious Anthropology of the Evé of Togo. Lomé/Abidjan: Nouvelles Éditions Africaines, 1981.

de Surgy, Albert. Nature and Function of Fetishes in Black Africa: The Case of Southern Togo. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1994.

de Surgy, Albert. Geomancy and the Cult of Afa among the Coastal Evhé. Paris: Publications orientalistes de France, 1981.

Spieth, Jakob. The Religion of the Eweer in Southern Togo. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1911.

Greene, Sandra E. Gender, Ethnicity, and Social Change on the Upper Slave Coast: A History of the Anlo-Ewe. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1996.


The publications mentioned serve for comparative art historical classification. They do not establish the specific cultural attribution, dating, or original use of the sculpture in question.

Copyright and Scientific Documentation

Some of the information and photographs have been generated with the assistance of artificial intelligence and are based on published sources in ethnography, archaeology, and art history. Original texts and photographs may be protected by copyright. All rights held by the respective copyright holders are reserved.

Inv. No. MAZ33215

Informant: Amadou Dogo

Seller's Story

Wolfgang Jaenicke’s engagement with African art did not begin in the field or the marketplace but in a quieter, more inward space—among papers, books, and objects that belonged to his father. The archive on Germany’s former colonies was not arranged to tell a single story; it suggested many. It invited scrutiny rather than reverence, and it taught Jaenicke early on that objects are never mute. They carry time inside them—fracture and continuity held in the same form—and they ask to be read as carefully as texts. For more than a quarter century, Jaenicke has worked as a collector, dealer, and intermediary, though none of these terms quite captures the shape of his practice. What used to be grouped, too casually, under the heading of “Tribal Art” has never appeared to him as a sealed or historical category. It is, instead, a set of living traditions, constantly negotiating the present. His academic training—in ethnology, art history, and comparative law—provided a grammar. The language itself he learned elsewhere. In Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Togo, and Ghana, knowledge emerged slowly, through repeated encounters that hardened into relationships, and through trust built not all at once but over years. Mali became the gravitational center of this experience. Between 2002 and 2012, Jaenicke lived and worked in Bamako and Ségou, where he ran Tribalartforum, a gallery overlooking the Niger River. The space resisted easy chronology. Sculptures and ceramics shared the room with photography, and works by Malick Sidibé—images of Malian youth in the 1970s, self-assured and exuberant—hung alongside older ritual forms. The effect was not nostalgic but clarifying: past and present did not cancel each other out; they sharpened one another. The war of 2012 ended this chapter abruptly, as wars tend to do. But it did not dissolve the work. Together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke regrouped in Lomé, closer to the places where many of the objects originated and to the routes they continue to travel. Since 2018, Berlin has become another point on this map. Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke now operates opposite Charlottenburg Palace, supported by a small team of specialists. Its focus rests, in particular, on West African bronzes and terracottas—materials shaped by earth and fire, and by forms of memory that resist easy translation. What distinguishes Jaenicke’s practice is not only its geographical range but its internal tension. Fieldwork is paired with provenance research; commerce is treated as inseparable from responsibility. In collaboration with museums and scholarly initiatives, circulation is framed not as extraction but as an ethical process that remains unfinished. The aim is not to remove objects from the world and seal them off, but to keep them readable within it—to allow them to continue speaking, even as the conditions of their speech change. ------------ Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke is a Berlin-based gallery specializing in West African sculpture, bronzes, terracottas, masks, and contemporary African art. It is directed by Wolfgang Jaenicke, whose work combines collecting, dealing, provenance research, fieldwork, and archival documentation. According to the gallery’s own account, Jaenicke studied ethnology, art history, and comparative law and has worked in the field of African art for more than twenty-five years. His activities developed through long-term engagement in countries including Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Togo. Rather than presenting African art as a closed historical category, he describes it as a continuing cultural tradition shaped by living communities and changing historical contexts. A particularly important phase of his career was in Mali, where he lived and worked between roughly 2002 and 2012 in Bamako and Ségou. There he operated Tribalartforum, a gallery that combined historical African sculpture with contemporary African photography, including works by Malick Sidibé. The political and military crisis in Mali in 2012 led to the closure of this phase of activity. Later, together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke continued working from Lomé, Togo, before establishing a gallery presence in Berlin near Charlottenburg Palace. The gallery places particular emphasis on West African bronzes, terracottas, Benin and Ife-related works, Nok sculpture, Dogon art, Baule sculpture, Senufo objects, and Yoruba material. One distinctive aspect of Jaenicke’s public position is his repeated emphasis on provenance transparency and restitution debates. On several published object records, the gallery explicitly discusses issues surrounding export documentation, UNESCO conventions, ownership histories, and communication with scholars and restitution researchers. These statements reflect broader contemporary debates about the circulation of African cultural heritage, legality, collecting history, and museum acquisition practices. The gallery maintains extensive online archives and catalogues documenting hundreds of African objects, including Benin and Ife bronzes, Nok terracottas, Dogon sculptures, Baule figures, Fon objects, Moba figures, and other West African material. For researchers interested in the history of the African art trade, Jaenicke represents a later generation of dealers compared with figures such as John J. Klejman. Whereas Klejman belonged to the postwar New York market of the 1950s–1970s, Jaenicke’s work has been shaped by contemporary concerns with field documentation, provenance research, restitution discussions, digital archives, and direct engagement with West African networks and artists. This text is based on AI Information

Female anthropomorphic bone sculpture, Ewe

Origin: Southeastern Togo

Material: Bone, dense organic material, honey-brown to dark brown in color.

Description

This Ewe anthropomorphic object takes the form of a long, slightly curved piece, carved in high relief around a cylindrical base. The surface has a honey-brown to dark brown color, highly polished in places, with light beige deposits in the recesses and incisions. The main figure is a standing woman, depicted in profile or three-quarter view. Her head is voluminous, with a high forehead, elongated eyes, a prominent nose, and a slightly open mouth. A long hairstyle composed of incised vertical strands cascades down her back. Her prominent breasts, rounded belly, and the shape of her hips explicitly emphasize her femininity. Her right arm hangs down alongside her body, while her other arm appears to reach toward or support the circular vessel positioned above her head. This small vessel at the top serves an essential functional purpose: it is hollowed out and contains a genuine cavity. Two engraved horizontal lines mark its rim. At the back, a sculpted arm extends upward toward the vessel, as if the woman were carrying and stabilizing a load on her head. The lower part of the composition features a second small human figure, much smaller in scale, positioned against or in front of the main woman's legs. This hierarchical arrangement thus combines a large female figure, a vessel, and a secondary figure.

Historical and Artistic Analysis

In the Ewe cultural context, human representation is not merely an individual portrait. Sculptures can play a role in religious and social systems involving ancestors, deities (voodoo), protection, destiny, healing, and family lineage. The National Museum of African Art holds several figures attributed to Ewe artists from Togo and Ghana, demonstrating that figurative sculpture is indeed part of this region's artistic repertoire. These works may be made of wood, pigmented, or covered with sacrificial materials. The woman carrying a vessel constitutes the symbolic center of the composition here. In many West African art traditions, the gesture of carrying a container on the head can evoke food, water, offerings, or domestic and ritual responsibility. It would nevertheless be methodologically excessive to automatically attribute this sculpture to a specific deity. Among the Ewe, religious systems are diverse: they include ancestor worship, vodu or trõ, Afa divination, lineage shrines, and various sacrificial practices. Claude Rivière specifically highlights the diversity of rites, offerings, religious specialists, and recognized powers among the Ewe of Togo. Stylistically, the artist favored a narrative sculpture over strictly naturalistic anatomy. The feminine forms are accentuated, while the legs and torso partially merge with the vertical mass of the base. The incisions in the hair, belt, and vessel create a graphic contrast with the polished surfaces of the face, abdomen, and breasts. This alternation of relief and smooth areas reinforces the vertical reading of the object.

Ritual Function and Interpretation

The presence of a small, actual vessel at the top suggests a function beyond the purely decorative. It could be a small ritual receptacle, an element intended to hold a substance, a powder, an oil, plant materials, or a small offering. In the religious practices of southern Togo studied by Albert de Surgy, ritual materiality is fundamental: objects can hold substances, libations, plant or animal materials, and become vehicles for relationships between humans and invisible powers. The apparent absence of a thick sacrificial crust and the overall polish could also indicate a prestigious use, whether domestic or ceremonial. The small figure located in the lower part could be interpreted as a child, a dependent, or an ancestral figure. The emphasis placed on femininity could evoke fertility, motherhood, lineage continuity, or the feminine capacity to nurture and pass on traditions. In Ewe societies, the body, kinship, and relationships with spiritual powers can be closely intertwined. Sandra Greene's historical work on the Anlo-Ewe also demonstrates the extent to which women's roles, kinship, and religious affiliations have contributed to the transformation of the region's social structures.

Selected Bibliography

Rivière, Claude. Religious Anthropology of the Evé of Togo. Lomé/Abidjan: Nouvelles Éditions Africaines, 1981.

de Surgy, Albert. Nature and Function of Fetishes in Black Africa: The Case of Southern Togo. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1994.

de Surgy, Albert. Geomancy and the Cult of Afa among the Coastal Evhé. Paris: Publications orientalistes de France, 1981.

Spieth, Jakob. The Religion of the Eweer in Southern Togo. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1911.

Greene, Sandra E. Gender, Ethnicity, and Social Change on the Upper Slave Coast: A History of the Anlo-Ewe. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1996.


The publications mentioned serve for comparative art historical classification. They do not establish the specific cultural attribution, dating, or original use of the sculpture in question.

Copyright and Scientific Documentation

Some of the information and photographs have been generated with the assistance of artificial intelligence and are based on published sources in ethnography, archaeology, and art history. Original texts and photographs may be protected by copyright. All rights held by the respective copyright holders are reserved.

Inv. No. MAZ33215

Informant: Amadou Dogo

Seller's Story

Wolfgang Jaenicke’s engagement with African art did not begin in the field or the marketplace but in a quieter, more inward space—among papers, books, and objects that belonged to his father. The archive on Germany’s former colonies was not arranged to tell a single story; it suggested many. It invited scrutiny rather than reverence, and it taught Jaenicke early on that objects are never mute. They carry time inside them—fracture and continuity held in the same form—and they ask to be read as carefully as texts. For more than a quarter century, Jaenicke has worked as a collector, dealer, and intermediary, though none of these terms quite captures the shape of his practice. What used to be grouped, too casually, under the heading of “Tribal Art” has never appeared to him as a sealed or historical category. It is, instead, a set of living traditions, constantly negotiating the present. His academic training—in ethnology, art history, and comparative law—provided a grammar. The language itself he learned elsewhere. In Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Togo, and Ghana, knowledge emerged slowly, through repeated encounters that hardened into relationships, and through trust built not all at once but over years. Mali became the gravitational center of this experience. Between 2002 and 2012, Jaenicke lived and worked in Bamako and Ségou, where he ran Tribalartforum, a gallery overlooking the Niger River. The space resisted easy chronology. Sculptures and ceramics shared the room with photography, and works by Malick Sidibé—images of Malian youth in the 1970s, self-assured and exuberant—hung alongside older ritual forms. The effect was not nostalgic but clarifying: past and present did not cancel each other out; they sharpened one another. The war of 2012 ended this chapter abruptly, as wars tend to do. But it did not dissolve the work. Together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke regrouped in Lomé, closer to the places where many of the objects originated and to the routes they continue to travel. Since 2018, Berlin has become another point on this map. Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke now operates opposite Charlottenburg Palace, supported by a small team of specialists. Its focus rests, in particular, on West African bronzes and terracottas—materials shaped by earth and fire, and by forms of memory that resist easy translation. What distinguishes Jaenicke’s practice is not only its geographical range but its internal tension. Fieldwork is paired with provenance research; commerce is treated as inseparable from responsibility. In collaboration with museums and scholarly initiatives, circulation is framed not as extraction but as an ethical process that remains unfinished. The aim is not to remove objects from the world and seal them off, but to keep them readable within it—to allow them to continue speaking, even as the conditions of their speech change. ------------ Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke is a Berlin-based gallery specializing in West African sculpture, bronzes, terracottas, masks, and contemporary African art. It is directed by Wolfgang Jaenicke, whose work combines collecting, dealing, provenance research, fieldwork, and archival documentation. According to the gallery’s own account, Jaenicke studied ethnology, art history, and comparative law and has worked in the field of African art for more than twenty-five years. His activities developed through long-term engagement in countries including Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Togo. Rather than presenting African art as a closed historical category, he describes it as a continuing cultural tradition shaped by living communities and changing historical contexts. A particularly important phase of his career was in Mali, where he lived and worked between roughly 2002 and 2012 in Bamako and Ségou. There he operated Tribalartforum, a gallery that combined historical African sculpture with contemporary African photography, including works by Malick Sidibé. The political and military crisis in Mali in 2012 led to the closure of this phase of activity. Later, together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke continued working from Lomé, Togo, before establishing a gallery presence in Berlin near Charlottenburg Palace. The gallery places particular emphasis on West African bronzes, terracottas, Benin and Ife-related works, Nok sculpture, Dogon art, Baule sculpture, Senufo objects, and Yoruba material. One distinctive aspect of Jaenicke’s public position is his repeated emphasis on provenance transparency and restitution debates. On several published object records, the gallery explicitly discusses issues surrounding export documentation, UNESCO conventions, ownership histories, and communication with scholars and restitution researchers. These statements reflect broader contemporary debates about the circulation of African cultural heritage, legality, collecting history, and museum acquisition practices. The gallery maintains extensive online archives and catalogues documenting hundreds of African objects, including Benin and Ife bronzes, Nok terracottas, Dogon sculptures, Baule figures, Fon objects, Moba figures, and other West African material. For researchers interested in the history of the African art trade, Jaenicke represents a later generation of dealers compared with figures such as John J. Klejman. Whereas Klejman belonged to the postwar New York market of the 1950s–1970s, Jaenicke’s work has been shaped by contemporary concerns with field documentation, provenance research, restitution discussions, digital archives, and direct engagement with West African networks and artists. This text is based on AI Information

Details

Ethnic group/ culture
Ewe
Country of Origin
Togo
Material
Bone
Sold with stand
No
Condition
Fair condition
Title of artwork
A bone sculpture
Height
26 cm
Weight
400 g
Authenticity
Original/official
GermanyVerified
6936
Objects sold
99.42%
protop

Rechtliche Informationen des Verkäufers

Unternehmen:
Jaenicke Njoya GmbH
Repräsentant:
Wolfgang Jaenicke
Adresse:
Jaenicke Njoya GmbH
Klausenerplatz 7
14059 Berlin
GERMANY
Telefonnummer:
+493033951033
Email:
w.jaenicke@jaenicke-njoya.com
USt-IdNr.:
DE241193499

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