Caliph al-Walid I الوليد بن عبد الملك - Almohaden الموحدون, Quran Manuscript Al-Māʾida, Sevilla, Andalusia, Spain - 1750

Quran Manuscript Al-Māʾida
Almohads الموحدون
in the style, use and deployment of Caliph al-Walid I الوليد بن عبد الملك

Scholar-Quran Manuscript
Seville, Andalusia, Spain, 18th century

1 double sheet = 4 pages
*4 pages Quran manuscript

*15 lines per page written in black ink
*handmade rag paper with watermark and many gold dots

Dimensions: per double sheet approx. 19.8 cm x 15 cm

Al-Andalus is the Arabic name for the Muslim-controlled parts of the Iberian Peninsula.
State law-wise, Al-Andalus successively was a province founded by Caliph Al-Walid I of the Umayyad Caliphate or of the Abbasids; followed by the Emirate of Córdoba, the Caliphate of Córdoba, and then a group of “Taifa” kingdoms.

In the first half of the 13th century large parts – except the Emirate of Granada – were conquered by the Christian realms. During long periods, especially during the Caliphate of Córdoba, Al-Andalus was a center of learning. Córdoba became a leading cultural and economic center for both the Mediterranean region and the Islamic world.

The Almohads were a Muslim Moroccan Berber dynasty that ruled over large parts of the Maghreb and of Al-Andalus.
The Almohad dynasty was founded in 1121 by Ibn Tumart, who proselytized the Masmuda Berbers of the High Atlas for his religious creed. It regarded only the Quran and the Prophet Mohammed’s tradition as legitimate sources and rejected the continuation of decisions by earlier authorities.
Under Caliph Abu Yaqub Yusuf I the realm was further consolidated and especially in Al-Andalus defended against the reconquest attempts by the Christian kingdoms.
The Almohads carried forward the architectural style devised by the Abbasids for mosques.

Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik succeeded his father Abd al-Malik.
During his reign the Umayyad rule was further consolidated, relying on the proven governors of his father (including al-Hajjaj).
Under al-Walid the Caliphate reached its greatest extent.
The completion of the Al-Aqsa Mosque also likely falls within his reign. This extensive building activity imposed a heavy burden on the population. Merely the construction of the Umayyad Mosque is said to have consumed 5.6 million gold dirhams.

In Al-Andalus the Almohad rule, following the catastrophic defeat of the young caliph in the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa against the united Christian kingdoms, was not initially significantly shaken, but weakened in the long run and lost in the following decades.

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