A iron sculpture - Mumuye - Nigeria (No reserve price)

00
days
17
hours
12
minutes
57
seconds
Current bid
€ 8
No reserve price
Dimitri André
Expert
Selected by Dimitri André

Holds a postgraduate degree in African studies and 15 years experience in African art.

Estimate  € 230 - € 270
IT
€8
IT
€7
IT
€6

Catawiki Buyer Protection

Your payment’s safe with us until you receive your object.View details

Trustpilot 4.4 | 145414 reviews

Rated Excellent on Trustpilot.

An 85 cm black forged-iron currency sculpture associated with the Mumuye people of the Jimeta region in Nigeria, sold with a stand.

AI-assisted summary

Description from the seller

A Black iron money from Mumuye, Jimeta region, Nigeria.

Forged iron currencies associated with the Mumuye populations of northeastern Nigeria occupy an important position within the broader history of precolonial exchange systems in the Benue River region. Examples collected in the Jimeta–Yola area, today in Adamawa State, belong to a complex network of iron-based transactional objects circulating among Mumuye, Fulani, Jukun, and neighboring groups between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries. Often identified under regional names such as tajere, saka, or sasoreng, these objects functioned simultaneously as stores of value, ceremonial wealth, dowry instruments, and markers of social prestige. Their significance exceeded purely economic utility; forged iron embodied labor, technical skill, and access to metallurgical knowledge, all of which contributed to the symbolic authority of the object within local systems of exchange and alliance.

The present form, executed in black forged iron, demonstrates the linear and abstract qualities characteristic of Mumuye metalwork. The elongated silhouette, attenuated extremities, and carefully balanced central mass suggest an aesthetic closely related to the sculptural traditions for which the Mumuye are internationally recognized. While these currencies were practical instruments within regional exchange economies, they also possessed a performative and visual dimension. Their circulation in marriage payments, compensatory transactions, and intercommunity trade transformed them into socially charged objects whose value derived from both material and symbolic registers. The brown oxidized surface, produced through prolonged handling and environmental exposure, further situates the object within a history of use rather than purely ceremonial display.

Iron currencies from the Jimeta region should also be understood within the context of the Benue corridor, a zone historically shaped by movement, trade, and cultural interaction. Jimeta, situated along the Benue River and historically connected to wider commercial routes, emerged as an important node through which agricultural goods, livestock, and artisanal products circulated. Within this environment, iron objects acquired durable economic and ritual value because iron itself remained a highly esteemed material associated with transformation and productive power. The persistence of these currencies into the colonial period, in some regions until the 1940s, reflects the resilience of indigenous monetary systems even as imported coinage increasingly entered local markets.

Today, Mumuye iron currencies are appreciated both as ethnographic documents and as autonomous sculptural forms. Their spare geometry and materially direct presence have attracted sustained attention within collections of African art and proto-monetary systems. Yet their historical importance lies not only in formal innovation, but in the way they materialize relationships between economy, metallurgy, kinship, and social obligation in northeastern Nigeria. Removed from circulation and placed within museum or private collections, these forged forms retain traces of the transactional and ceremonial worlds through which they once moved.

References

Jaenicke-Njoya Archive CAB48695

Afigbo, A. E. The Warrant Chiefs: Indirect Rule in Southeastern Nigeria 1891–1929. London: Longman, 1972.

Guyer, Jane I. “Soft Currencies, Cash Economies, New Monies: Past and Present.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 7 (2012): 2214–2221.

Johansson, Sture. African Currencies, Part II. Stockholm: Ethnographical Museum of Sweden, 1967.

Ofonagoro, Walter I. “From Traditional to British Currency in Southern Nigeria: Analysis of a Currency Revolution, 1880–1948.” The Journal of Economic History 39, no. 3 (1979): 623–654.

Usman, Aribidesi. “Economic Production and Exchange of States and Societies in Precolonial Nigeria.” In The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian History, edited by Toyin Falola and Matthew M. Heaton, 171–190. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.

Webb, James L. A. Jr. “Toward the Comparative Study of Money: A Reconsideration of West African Currencies and Neoclassical Monetary Concepts.” International Journal of African Historical Studies 15, no. 3 (1982): 455–466.

Iyanya, Victor. “Towards a Resuscitation of Indigenous Iron Technology among the Igede of Central Nigeria.” Journal of African Cultural Studies 24, no. 2 (2012): 223–236.

This description is made with AI. Despite careful individual review, the use of Artificial Intelligence may result in errors or inaccuracies in the description.

CAB48695

Seller's Story

Wolfgang Jaenicke’s engagement with African art did not begin in the field or the marketplace but in a quieter, more inward space—among papers, books, and objects that belonged to his father. The archive on Germany’s former colonies was not arranged to tell a single story; it suggested many. It invited scrutiny rather than reverence, and it taught Jaenicke early on that objects are never mute. They carry time inside them—fracture and continuity held in the same form—and they ask to be read as carefully as texts. For more than a quarter century, Jaenicke has worked as a collector, dealer, and intermediary, though none of these terms quite captures the shape of his practice. What used to be grouped, too casually, under the heading of “Tribal Art” has never appeared to him as a sealed or historical category. It is, instead, a set of living traditions, constantly negotiating the present. His academic training—in ethnology, art history, and comparative law—provided a grammar. The language itself he learned elsewhere. In Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Togo, and Ghana, knowledge emerged slowly, through repeated encounters that hardened into relationships, and through trust built not all at once but over years. Mali became the gravitational center of this experience. Between 2002 and 2012, Jaenicke lived and worked in Bamako and Ségou, where he ran Tribalartforum, a gallery overlooking the Niger River. The space resisted easy chronology. Sculptures and ceramics shared the room with photography, and works by Malick Sidibé—images of Malian youth in the 1970s, self-assured and exuberant—hung alongside older ritual forms. The effect was not nostalgic but clarifying: past and present did not cancel each other out; they sharpened one another. The war of 2012 ended this chapter abruptly, as wars tend to do. But it did not dissolve the work. Together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke regrouped in Lomé, closer to the places where many of the objects originated and to the routes they continue to travel. Since 2018, Berlin has become another point on this map. Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke now operates opposite Charlottenburg Palace, supported by a small team of specialists. Its focus rests, in particular, on West African bronzes and terracottas—materials shaped by earth and fire, and by forms of memory that resist easy translation. What distinguishes Jaenicke’s practice is not only its geographical range but its internal tension. Fieldwork is paired with provenance research; commerce is treated as inseparable from responsibility. In collaboration with museums and scholarly initiatives, circulation is framed not as extraction but as an ethical process that remains unfinished. The aim is not to remove objects from the world and seal them off, but to keep them readable within it—to allow them to continue speaking, even as the conditions of their speech change. ------------ Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke is a Berlin-based gallery specializing in West African sculpture, bronzes, terracottas, masks, and contemporary African art. It is directed by Wolfgang Jaenicke, whose work combines collecting, dealing, provenance research, fieldwork, and archival documentation. According to the gallery’s own account, Jaenicke studied ethnology, art history, and comparative law and has worked in the field of African art for more than twenty-five years. His activities developed through long-term engagement in countries including Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Togo. Rather than presenting African art as a closed historical category, he describes it as a continuing cultural tradition shaped by living communities and changing historical contexts. A particularly important phase of his career was in Mali, where he lived and worked between roughly 2002 and 2012 in Bamako and Ségou. There he operated Tribalartforum, a gallery that combined historical African sculpture with contemporary African photography, including works by Malick Sidibé. The political and military crisis in Mali in 2012 led to the closure of this phase of activity. Later, together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke continued working from Lomé, Togo, before establishing a gallery presence in Berlin near Charlottenburg Palace. The gallery places particular emphasis on West African bronzes, terracottas, Benin and Ife-related works, Nok sculpture, Dogon art, Baule sculpture, Senufo objects, and Yoruba material. One distinctive aspect of Jaenicke’s public position is his repeated emphasis on provenance transparency and restitution debates. On several published object records, the gallery explicitly discusses issues surrounding export documentation, UNESCO conventions, ownership histories, and communication with scholars and restitution researchers. These statements reflect broader contemporary debates about the circulation of African cultural heritage, legality, collecting history, and museum acquisition practices. The gallery maintains extensive online archives and catalogues documenting hundreds of African objects, including Benin and Ife bronzes, Nok terracottas, Dogon sculptures, Baule figures, Fon objects, Moba figures, and other West African material. For researchers interested in the history of the African art trade, Jaenicke represents a later generation of dealers compared with figures such as John J. Klejman. Whereas Klejman belonged to the postwar New York market of the 1950s–1970s, Jaenicke’s work has been shaped by contemporary concerns with field documentation, provenance research, restitution discussions, digital archives, and direct engagement with West African networks and artists. This text is based on AI Information

A Black iron money from Mumuye, Jimeta region, Nigeria.

Forged iron currencies associated with the Mumuye populations of northeastern Nigeria occupy an important position within the broader history of precolonial exchange systems in the Benue River region. Examples collected in the Jimeta–Yola area, today in Adamawa State, belong to a complex network of iron-based transactional objects circulating among Mumuye, Fulani, Jukun, and neighboring groups between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries. Often identified under regional names such as tajere, saka, or sasoreng, these objects functioned simultaneously as stores of value, ceremonial wealth, dowry instruments, and markers of social prestige. Their significance exceeded purely economic utility; forged iron embodied labor, technical skill, and access to metallurgical knowledge, all of which contributed to the symbolic authority of the object within local systems of exchange and alliance.

The present form, executed in black forged iron, demonstrates the linear and abstract qualities characteristic of Mumuye metalwork. The elongated silhouette, attenuated extremities, and carefully balanced central mass suggest an aesthetic closely related to the sculptural traditions for which the Mumuye are internationally recognized. While these currencies were practical instruments within regional exchange economies, they also possessed a performative and visual dimension. Their circulation in marriage payments, compensatory transactions, and intercommunity trade transformed them into socially charged objects whose value derived from both material and symbolic registers. The brown oxidized surface, produced through prolonged handling and environmental exposure, further situates the object within a history of use rather than purely ceremonial display.

Iron currencies from the Jimeta region should also be understood within the context of the Benue corridor, a zone historically shaped by movement, trade, and cultural interaction. Jimeta, situated along the Benue River and historically connected to wider commercial routes, emerged as an important node through which agricultural goods, livestock, and artisanal products circulated. Within this environment, iron objects acquired durable economic and ritual value because iron itself remained a highly esteemed material associated with transformation and productive power. The persistence of these currencies into the colonial period, in some regions until the 1940s, reflects the resilience of indigenous monetary systems even as imported coinage increasingly entered local markets.

Today, Mumuye iron currencies are appreciated both as ethnographic documents and as autonomous sculptural forms. Their spare geometry and materially direct presence have attracted sustained attention within collections of African art and proto-monetary systems. Yet their historical importance lies not only in formal innovation, but in the way they materialize relationships between economy, metallurgy, kinship, and social obligation in northeastern Nigeria. Removed from circulation and placed within museum or private collections, these forged forms retain traces of the transactional and ceremonial worlds through which they once moved.

References

Jaenicke-Njoya Archive CAB48695

Afigbo, A. E. The Warrant Chiefs: Indirect Rule in Southeastern Nigeria 1891–1929. London: Longman, 1972.

Guyer, Jane I. “Soft Currencies, Cash Economies, New Monies: Past and Present.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 7 (2012): 2214–2221.

Johansson, Sture. African Currencies, Part II. Stockholm: Ethnographical Museum of Sweden, 1967.

Ofonagoro, Walter I. “From Traditional to British Currency in Southern Nigeria: Analysis of a Currency Revolution, 1880–1948.” The Journal of Economic History 39, no. 3 (1979): 623–654.

Usman, Aribidesi. “Economic Production and Exchange of States and Societies in Precolonial Nigeria.” In The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian History, edited by Toyin Falola and Matthew M. Heaton, 171–190. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022.

Webb, James L. A. Jr. “Toward the Comparative Study of Money: A Reconsideration of West African Currencies and Neoclassical Monetary Concepts.” International Journal of African Historical Studies 15, no. 3 (1982): 455–466.

Iyanya, Victor. “Towards a Resuscitation of Indigenous Iron Technology among the Igede of Central Nigeria.” Journal of African Cultural Studies 24, no. 2 (2012): 223–236.

This description is made with AI. Despite careful individual review, the use of Artificial Intelligence may result in errors or inaccuracies in the description.

CAB48695

Seller's Story

Wolfgang Jaenicke’s engagement with African art did not begin in the field or the marketplace but in a quieter, more inward space—among papers, books, and objects that belonged to his father. The archive on Germany’s former colonies was not arranged to tell a single story; it suggested many. It invited scrutiny rather than reverence, and it taught Jaenicke early on that objects are never mute. They carry time inside them—fracture and continuity held in the same form—and they ask to be read as carefully as texts. For more than a quarter century, Jaenicke has worked as a collector, dealer, and intermediary, though none of these terms quite captures the shape of his practice. What used to be grouped, too casually, under the heading of “Tribal Art” has never appeared to him as a sealed or historical category. It is, instead, a set of living traditions, constantly negotiating the present. His academic training—in ethnology, art history, and comparative law—provided a grammar. The language itself he learned elsewhere. In Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Togo, and Ghana, knowledge emerged slowly, through repeated encounters that hardened into relationships, and through trust built not all at once but over years. Mali became the gravitational center of this experience. Between 2002 and 2012, Jaenicke lived and worked in Bamako and Ségou, where he ran Tribalartforum, a gallery overlooking the Niger River. The space resisted easy chronology. Sculptures and ceramics shared the room with photography, and works by Malick Sidibé—images of Malian youth in the 1970s, self-assured and exuberant—hung alongside older ritual forms. The effect was not nostalgic but clarifying: past and present did not cancel each other out; they sharpened one another. The war of 2012 ended this chapter abruptly, as wars tend to do. But it did not dissolve the work. Together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke regrouped in Lomé, closer to the places where many of the objects originated and to the routes they continue to travel. Since 2018, Berlin has become another point on this map. Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke now operates opposite Charlottenburg Palace, supported by a small team of specialists. Its focus rests, in particular, on West African bronzes and terracottas—materials shaped by earth and fire, and by forms of memory that resist easy translation. What distinguishes Jaenicke’s practice is not only its geographical range but its internal tension. Fieldwork is paired with provenance research; commerce is treated as inseparable from responsibility. In collaboration with museums and scholarly initiatives, circulation is framed not as extraction but as an ethical process that remains unfinished. The aim is not to remove objects from the world and seal them off, but to keep them readable within it—to allow them to continue speaking, even as the conditions of their speech change. ------------ Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke is a Berlin-based gallery specializing in West African sculpture, bronzes, terracottas, masks, and contemporary African art. It is directed by Wolfgang Jaenicke, whose work combines collecting, dealing, provenance research, fieldwork, and archival documentation. According to the gallery’s own account, Jaenicke studied ethnology, art history, and comparative law and has worked in the field of African art for more than twenty-five years. His activities developed through long-term engagement in countries including Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Togo. Rather than presenting African art as a closed historical category, he describes it as a continuing cultural tradition shaped by living communities and changing historical contexts. A particularly important phase of his career was in Mali, where he lived and worked between roughly 2002 and 2012 in Bamako and Ségou. There he operated Tribalartforum, a gallery that combined historical African sculpture with contemporary African photography, including works by Malick Sidibé. The political and military crisis in Mali in 2012 led to the closure of this phase of activity. Later, together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke continued working from Lomé, Togo, before establishing a gallery presence in Berlin near Charlottenburg Palace. The gallery places particular emphasis on West African bronzes, terracottas, Benin and Ife-related works, Nok sculpture, Dogon art, Baule sculpture, Senufo objects, and Yoruba material. One distinctive aspect of Jaenicke’s public position is his repeated emphasis on provenance transparency and restitution debates. On several published object records, the gallery explicitly discusses issues surrounding export documentation, UNESCO conventions, ownership histories, and communication with scholars and restitution researchers. These statements reflect broader contemporary debates about the circulation of African cultural heritage, legality, collecting history, and museum acquisition practices. The gallery maintains extensive online archives and catalogues documenting hundreds of African objects, including Benin and Ife bronzes, Nok terracottas, Dogon sculptures, Baule figures, Fon objects, Moba figures, and other West African material. For researchers interested in the history of the African art trade, Jaenicke represents a later generation of dealers compared with figures such as John J. Klejman. Whereas Klejman belonged to the postwar New York market of the 1950s–1970s, Jaenicke’s work has been shaped by contemporary concerns with field documentation, provenance research, restitution discussions, digital archives, and direct engagement with West African networks and artists. This text is based on AI Information

Details

Ethnic group/ culture
Mumuye
Country of Origin
Nigeria
Material
Black Iron
Sold with stand
Yes
Condition
Fair condition
Title of artwork
A iron sculpture
Height
85 cm
Weight
1 kg
Authenticity
Original/official
GermanyVerified
6993
Objects sold
99.22%
protop

Rechtliche Informationen des Verkäufers

Unternehmen:
Jaenicke Njoya GmbH
Repräsentant:
Wolfgang Jaenicke
Adresse:
Jaenicke Njoya GmbH
Klausenerplatz 7
14059 Berlin
GERMANY
Telefonnummer:
+493033951033
Email:
w.jaenicke@jaenicke-njoya.com
USt-IdNr.:
DE241193499

AGB

AGB des Verkäufers. Mit einem Gebot auf dieses Los akzeptieren Sie ebenfalls die AGB des Verkäufers.

Widerrufsbelehrung

  • Frist: 14 Tage sowie gemäß den hier angegebenen Bedingungen
  • Rücksendkosten: Käufer trägt die unmittelbaren Kosten der Rücksendung der Ware
  • Vollständige Widerrufsbelehrung

Similar objects

  • ​
    ​
    ​
  • ​
    ​
    ​
  • ​
    ​
    ​
  • ​
    ​
    ​
  • ​
    ​
    ​
  • ​
    ​
    ​
  • ​
    ​
    ​
  • ​
    ​
    ​
  • ​
    ​
    ​
  • ​
    ​
    ​

For you in

African & Tribal Art

  • ​
    ​
    ​
  • ​
    ​
    ​
  • ​
    ​
    ​
  • ​
    ​
    ​
  • ​
    ​
    ​
  • ​
    ​
    ​
  • ​
    ​
    ​
  • ​
    ​
    ​
  • ​
    ​
    ​
  • ​
    ​
    ​