Spain. 1720 pesetas 1894

This seventh document is a commercial 'Primera de Cambio' (Bill of Exchange) issued in Barcelona (Spain) on February 1, 1895.
The title features a magnificent black engraver's header with the elaborate security inscription "Hasta el endoso de Antonio Freixa" (Until the endorsement by Antonio Freixa).
It is a very relevant piece for the study of monetary circulation and domestic wine trade in late 19th-century Spain.
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# Description and analysis of the document

* Financial Transaction: The bill is issued for the amount of 1,720 pesetas ("Por Ptas 1.720"). It orders payment on the next April 1st in favor of the beneficiary Don Jaime Oliveras of Barcelona.
* The Route of the Wine Trade: The draft is addressed to the firm "Sres. Gutiérrez Hermanos" in Jerez de la Frontera (the famous Sherry winery already mentioned in previous lots). On the left margin there is a red ink handwritten note indicating supporting bankers if needed: "Sres. Diez Vergara y C.ª".
This demonstrates the close business and supply ties between the Catalan distributors and the large wine producers of Andalusia.
* Official Stamps and Cancellations: On the front there are two matching black ink oval stamps from the Banco de España - Jerez (one bearing internal registry number 29.131).
* The Back and the History of Endorsements: The second photo shows the incredible journey of the title through the endorsements written by hand:
1. From Jaime Oliveras in favor of Sres. Busá y Durán (Barcelona, February 1, 1895)
2. From Busá y Durán in favor of Don Antonio Freixa (Barcelona, March 14, 1895)
3. From Antonio Freixa in favor of the Banco de España, with the official blue oval stamp of the "Sucursal en Barcelona" dated March 26, 1895.
4. At the bottom, the final stamp "RECIBI" (Received) by the cashier of the Banco de España branch in Jerez de la Frontera, certifying payment and the closing of the bill.

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# Important figures and historical context

1. Antonio Freixa: A figure from a well-known and influential Catalan merchant and industrialist dynasty of the 19th century, active in finance and large-scale trade of goods. His name is printed directly on the form as a guarantee of protection of the title.
2. Gutiérrez Hermanos: The historic wine company of Jerez. This document attests to their payment channels toward Catalonia, highlighting the complex network of banking institutions (including the Banco de España) used to settle accounts related to wine shipments.
3. Diez Vergara y C.ª: Another historic and very important dynasty of producers and bankers of Jerez de la Frontera, active since the previous century in Sherry trade.

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# Estimate of commercial value
The Spanish financial documents from the late 19th century linked to the Banco de España, rich with stamps from different branches (Barcelona and Jerez) and closely connected to the history of the great Andalusian wineries, are highly sought after by Iberian scripophily collectors. The condition is excellent: the paper shows a beautiful patina, the handwritten script in brown and purple ink is sharp, and the back stamps are exceptionally clear.

* Estimated value of the document: Steadily priced between €50 and €95.
* Premium elements: The richness of the chain of endorsements on the back, the double validation by the Spanish central bank (Banco de España), and the exceptional preservation of the closing stamps in Jerez push the value toward the higher end of the category.
AI description aid
Excellent historical value of Scripophily
They are stored in A4 PVC envelopes.
Good conservation. See the image for a proper impression
Shipped by insured mail with tracking included and protected packaging.