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Ruth Garrido Vila

Ocarina Figure.

- Thermoluminescense Test -

Mayan, 600- 900 AD.

Terracotta.

12.9 cm height.

PROVENANCE: Private collection Donald Wonder (1938 - 2023), California, United States of America. 

Acquired at various auction houses between 1992 - 1999: 

- Peter Sinclair, New York, August 5, 1992.
- Mark Clark, California, July 21, 1993.
- Mark Clark, California, July 9, 1999.

CONDITION: Good condition.

DESCRIPTION:

The Maya civilization extended over a large area, from present-day south-central Mexico to Guatemala and Honduras. The area has three distinct geographic regions—the mountains and highlands, the tropical jungle lowlands, and the lowlands of the Gulf of Mexico and the Yucatan Peninsula—each with its own landscape and natural resources. During the Classical Period, the Mayans lived in the highlands and lowlands, in which Tikal and Kaminaljuyú were their major population centers, respectively.

The Mayan culture developed from earlier groups of village dwellers and farmers that lived the area and participated in the trade network. They also were influenced by groups living in what is now central Mexico, mainly the Olmecs. Around the 10th Century CE, lack of rain, ecological deterioration and social unrest resulted in the abandonment of the Mayan’s large urban centers. Later, groups of Mayan origin settled on the Yucatan Peninsula where they joined with other groups from central Mexico, mainly Toltecs, to build new civic and ceremonial centers such as Chichén Itza and Mayapán, which remained active until the arrival of the Spaniards in 1525. Today, the descendants of these ancient Mayans still live in the area that stretches from the Yucatán Peninsula to Honduras, where they continue their way of life, wear traditional clothing and speak the language handed down to them by this ancient American culture.

The Mayan economy was based on slash-and-burn agriculture. They grew their crops in fields called milpas, using pointed sticks for sowing maize, squash, chili peppers, beans and other crops. They worked the land four months of the year, rotating their crops to prevent erosion. They also collected a wide range of wild fruits and vegetables, hunted wild animals, extracted honey from beehives and fished in rivers, lakes and the sea. As each region had its own set of natural resources, exchange played a central role in Mayan economies. The Mayans measured time and the movement of the earth and heavens using a base 20 number system. They produced two calendars. One was the solar calendar or haab, which had 365 days broken into 18 months of 20 days each, plus an additional five days. This calendar was used to regulate non-religious activities. The lunar calendar, called tzolkin, had 260 days and was used for religious purposes. The two calendars were used simultaneously, represented together on a wheel. The wheel itself had a 52-year cycle, after which time events were expected to repeat themselves. The legacy of the Olmecs allowed the Mayans to develop a writing system based on signs or glyphs, written in two columns and read from left to right and top to bottom. This writing system is found on the walls and staircases of important Mayan buildings, on their ceramics, and in codices made of deerskin or amate bark paper.

The Mayans developed a unique artistic style with a degree of complexity that rivals that of European baroque. Their extremely life-like, anatomically proportionate human images are found in natural poses that emphasize movement. Their art represented sacred, ritual and hierarchical themes, although they also reproduced scenes from daily life and images of local fauna such as monkeys, tapirs, jaguars, bats, quetzal birds, fish and turtles. Stone was one of their favorite media, and they used it for their buildings, stelas, and the low- and high-relief sculptures that adorned their buildings. The Mayan’s architectural contributions include the stela-altar, the arch and the false vault. In addition to monumental art they also had a highly developed personal esthetic, manufacturing ear ornaments, pendants, necklaces, masks and other adornments out of jade. They deformed their craniums and noses and hung ornaments on their foreheads to make them squint-eyed.

They decorated their pottery with painted and engraved images, producing some of the finest works of pre-Columbian art. Popular Mayan ceramic pieces included serving bowls, pipes and vases, the last of these often adorned with Mayan glyphs.

Religion was a central aspect of Mayan culture. They believed in an earthly world and a supernatural one, an underworld and an overworld, viewing these as a single entity in which humans, deities, plants and animals were tied together by destiny. In living out these beliefs they made pilgrimages to the great Mayan civic and religious centers to obtain horoscopes and make offerings of blood from their fingertips, earlobes and tongues on altars erected in front of the carved stelas. The Mayans had an extensive pantheon of gods, the most notable of whom were the creator Hunab–Ku, and Ah Puc, the God of Night, who inhabited the underworld. They also worshipped the sun and moon, Venus, and other heavenly bodies, as well as natural phenomena such as rain, incarnated as the god Chaac. Other Mayan gods were patrons of specific social classes and trades. These include Kukulcán, the feathered serpent, who was associated with the ruling class, and Ek Chua, the patron of merchants and cacao producers. The Mayans believed that at death, depending on individual merit, they would go to eternal rest in one of the heavens under the leafy shade of the ceiba tree, or remain eternally tormented by hunger and cold in the dark underworld. Peasants were buried close to the huts in which they had died, whereas nobles were cremated and their ashes deposited in urns in underground vaults. Mayan rulers were laid to rest in temples built especially to house their tombs.





Notes:

- The piece includes authenticity certificate.
- The piece includes Spanish Export License (Passport for European Union) - If the piece is destined outside the European Union a substitution of the export permit should be requested, can take between 1-2 weeks maximum.
- The seller guarantees that he acquired this piece according to all national and international laws related to the ownership of cultural property. Provenance statement seen by Catawiki.


600 - 900 AD

Mayan Terracota Figura de ocarina. 600 - 900 d.C. Altura de 12,9 cm. Licença de Importação Espanhola. Teste TL.

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Preço de reserva

Sem preço de reserva

Comprar agora

Data de fim

17 fevereiro

16 fevereiro

domingo

amanhã

quarta-feira

quinta-feira

sexta-feira

sábado

Orçamento

Até

Localização

Itália

Holanda

Alemanha

Espanha

Dinamarca

França

Bélgica

Polônia

Áustria

Finlândia

Portugal

Turquia

Croácia

República Tcheca

Bulgária

Chipre

Letônia

Noruega

Romênia

Suécia

Eslovênia

Suíça

Hungria

Japão

Mônaco

Dimensões

Altura

Largura

Profundidade

Marca

Alessi

Kartell

IKEA

Seletti

Vitra

B&B Italia

Cassina

Wittmann Austria

Tomado

Danese

Rosenthal

Kiasmo

Wilk Brothers Furniture

Edoardo Lietti Studio

Stelton

Formaminima

Gebra

Jaipur Rugs

Cappellini

USM Haller

Ambivalenz

Arper

D'ARK atelier

Objeto

Cadeira

Lâmpada

Jarra

Mesa de apoio

Poltrona

Candeeiro de mesa

Mesa de centro

Banqueta

Sofá

Escultura

Candeeiro suspenso

Espelho

Ornamento decorativo

Prateleira de parede

Tapete

Tigela

Cinzeiro

Candeeiro de parede

Relógio

Banco

Relógio de parede

Cafeteira

Candeeiro de secretária

Saca-rolhas

Lata

País de origem

Polónia

China

República Checa

Estados Unidos

Europa

Egito

Índia

Reino Unido

Desconhecido

Material

Aço

Madeira

Metal

Vidro

Plástico

Alumínio

Pele

Resina

Têxtil

Porcelana

Carvalho

Cerâmica

Cromado

Latão

Ferro

Cinza

Faia

Polipropileno

Mármore

Policarbonato

Algodão

Contraplacado

Vidro Murano

Aço inoxidável

Género

Unissexo

Senhora

Estado

Como novo - não foi utilizado

Bom estado - usado com pequenos sinais de envelhecimento e manchas

Excelente estado - muito pouco usado com sinais mínimos de envelhecimento e desgaste

Em boas condições - usado com pequenos sinais de envelhecimento.

Excelente estado

Em muito bom estado

Condição razoável - muito usado e com possivelmente algumas pequenas peças em falta

A (excelente - perfeito estado)

Bom estado

A- (bem - imperfeições minúsculas)

Quase novo

excelente estado

Excelente estado - muito pouco utilizado - com sinais mínimos de desgaste

Fraco - muito usado com grandes fissuras, danos ou peças grandes em falta

Boas condições

Período

Depois de 2020

2000-2010

1960-1970

2010-2020

1970-1980

2025

1990-2000

1980-1990

1950-1960

2026

Século XXI

2024

2023

1940-1950

2020

2022

2021

1910-1920

1930-1940

1920-1930

meados do século XX

século XIX

década de 2000

Tema

Estilo

Contemporâneo

Design

Moderno de meados do século

Moderno

Design escandinavo

Mobiliário de design e contemporâneo

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Mayan Terracota Figura de ocarina. 600 - 900 d.C. Altura de 12,9 cm. Licença de Importação Espanhola. Teste TL.

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