Unknown - Qur'an - Ottoman C12th - 1180

This is an extremely rare and ancient manuscript page from a late C12th Ottoman Quran of the Seljuk dynastic era (AD750-1258). It has been weathered by climate and time, with some of the verse markings spilling through the page, but overall it is in remarkable condition for its age. 14 ll of script, possibly very early Muhaqqaq. with its shallow sublinear curves and horizontally extended mid-line curvature and leftward sweeping impetus.

The manuscript contains scripture from chapter 2, Surah Al-Baqarah (The Cow), spanning verses 44-58, which serve as a profound historical and moral lesson. They condemn religious hypocrisy, emphasize the importance of aligning actions with words, and recount the historical trials of the Children of Israel to warn believers against arrogance, ingratitude, and disobedience. These verses serve as a timeless ethical framework for Muslims, stressing several critical principles: Authenticity - One's faith must manifest in both words and deeds; Humility over entitlement - no group is inherently immune to consequences; and Reliance on Faith - in times of hardship, believers are encouraged to turn inward with sincere patience and prayer rather than resorting to complaints or rebellion.

This folio provides evidence of the remarkable textual stability of the Qur'an over time and provide a useful primary source for understanding the broader development of Arabic book arts withinIslamic civilisation.

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