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Julien Gauthier

Very expressive african mask from the Salampasu, Congo.

This type of mask represents the source of all fertility.

Hand carved from a single piece of color wood.

Height: 44 cm.

This Mask was collected between 1950 and 1970 and ended up in my private collection in 2004

The 60,000 Salampasu people live east of the Kasai River, on the frontier between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola. Their name is said to mean “hunters of locusts”, but they were widely viewed with terror by adjacent groups. They maintain strong commercial and cultural relations with their southern neighbors, the Chokwe and the Lunda, to whom they pay tribute. The Salampasu are homogeneous people governed by territorial chiefs, who supervise village chiefs. Their hierarchical power structure is counterbalanced by a warriors' society. A people with a reputation as fearless warriors, the Salampasu have retained the custom of a rough and primitive life. Warring and hunting are privileged occupations, but the women do some farming.
Salampasu masks were integral part of the warriors’ society whose primary task was to protect this small enclave against invasions by outside kingdoms. Boys were initiated into the warriors’ society through a circumcision camp, and then rose through its ranks by gaining access to a hierarchy of masks. Earning the right to wear a mask involved performing specific deeds and large payments of livestock, drink and other material goods. Once a man ‘owned’ the mask, other ‘owners’ taught this new member particular esoteric knowledge associated with it. The Salampasu use masks made from wood, crocheted raffia, and wood covered with sheets of copper. Famous Salampasu masks made for initiation purposes are characterized by a bulging forehead, slanted eyes, a triangular nose and a rectangular mouth displaying intimidating set of teeth. The heads are often covered with bamboo or raffia or rattan-like decorations. Presented in a progressive order to future initiates, they symbolize the three levels of the society: hunters, warriors, and the chief. Certain masks provoke such terror that women and children flee the village when they hear the mask's name pronounced for fear they will die on the spot. Wooden masks covered or not covered with copper sheets are worn by members of the ibuku warrior association who have killed in battle. The masks made of plaited raffia fiber are used by the idangani association. Throughout the southern savannah region copper was a prerogative of leadership, used to legitimize a person’s or a group’s control of the majority of the people. Possessing many masks indicated not only wealth but also knowledge. Filing teeth making part of many wooden masks was part of the initiation process for both boys and girls designed to demonstrate the novices’ strength and discipline. Salampasu masquerades were held in wooden enclosures decorated with anthropomorphic figures carved in relief. The costume, composed of animal skins, feathers, and fibers, is as important as the mask itself. It has been sacralized, and the spirit dwells within it. Masks are still being danced as part of male circumcision ceremonies.

Excelente estado

Máscara africana antiga do Salampasu - Congo.

Arte tribal e africana

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Data de fim

quarta-feira

24 maio

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quinta-feira

terça-feira

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S (10–40 cm)

M (40–80 cm)

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XS (menos de 10 cm)

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Arte e objetos tribais

Esculturas, estátuas, talhas e estatuetas tribais

Máscaras tribais

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Mask

Figura

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Têxteis e vestuário tribais

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Máscara de dança

Livros, manuscritos e catálogos tribais

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Fetiche

Joalharia e adornos tribais

Figura ancestral

Espada

Impressão

Estátua

Lança

Estatueta

Acha

Flecha

Descanso para o pescoço

Máscara tribal

País de origem

República Democrática do Congo

Costa do Marfim

Nigéria

Mali

Gabão

África

Gana

Cameroon

Congo

Benim

Togo

Burkina Faso

Angola

Tanzânia

Etiópia

Haiti

Senegal

Madagáscar

Níger

Libéria

África do Sul

Material

Madeira

Bronze

Terracota

Pele

Cobre

Ferro (fundido / forjado)

Vidro

Ferro (forjado)

Latão

Papel

Aço

Osso

Têxteis

Metal

Pedra

Ferro

Madeira (tuia)

Barro

Algodão

Têxtil

A lustro (cerâmica)

Ouro

Alumínio

Argila

Buzina, Chifre

Estado

Bom estado

Boas condições

Bom estado - usado com pequenos sinais de envelhecimento e manchas

Condição razoável - muito usado e com possivelmente algumas pequenas peças em falta

Excelente estado - muito pouco usado com sinais mínimos de envelhecimento e desgaste

Muito bom

Muito bom estado, veja descrição

Bom estado, veja descrição

Precisa de restauro

Como novo - não foi utilizado

Em boas condições - usado com pequenos sinais de envelhecimento.

Razoável

excelente estado

Fraco - muito usado com grandes fissuras, danos ou peças grandes em falta

Boas condições, veja descrição

Bom estado - foi utilizado - com alguns sinais de desgaste

Período

meados do século XX

Início do século XX

Final do século XX

2000-2010

Final do século XIX

1970-1980

1950-1960

1850-1900

Depois de 2020

1920-1930

1940-1950

1910-1920

1930-1940

1960-1970

1900-1910

1990-2000

1980-1990

1400-1450

2010-2020

início do século XVIII

Início do século XIX

1500-1550

meados do século XIX

Início do século XVII

1450-1500

Tema

Retrato

Natureza

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Arte tribal e africana

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Máscara africana antiga do Salampasu - Congo.

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