Roman Empire – Bronze Ring with Engraved Lion - Circa 2nd–4th Century AD Description: This ancient bronze ring features an engraved lion motif set within a geometric, shield- or lozenge-shaped bezel. The engraving is executed in a linear, stylized manner typical of Roman provincial and late Imperial bronze rings. The ring remains uncleaned, preserving its dark to brown sand patina with light earthen deposits. These deposits naturally accentuate the engraved design and attest to the ring’s long burial history and authenticity. The hoop is simple and functional, tapering slightly toward the shoulders, consistent with rings worn by ordinary Roman citizens, soldiers, or lower administrative classes rather than elite gold signet rings. Iconography & Meaning: In Roman symbolism, the lion was a powerful and widely recognized emblem associated with: Strength and courage Authority and protection Solar and heroic power Victory and guardianship Lions were also linked to Hercules, the most popular hero-god in the Roman world, and to imperial virtues such as bravery and dominance. Rings bearing animal motifs often functioned as personal talismans, protective amulets, or identity markers, rather than formal seals. Such imagery was especially popular among Roman soldiers and provincials, who favored bold, symbolic animals reflecting martial and protective qualities. Historical Context: Bronze rings with engraved animals were commonly worn throughout the Roman Empire from the High Imperial to Late Roman periods (2nd–4th century AD). They are frequently recovered from civilian settlements, military sites, and frontier provinces, where bronze was the preferred material for everyday personal jewelry. While some engraved rings served as informal signets, many were worn purely as symbolic or protective jewelry, reflecting personal beliefs rather than official status. Measurements: Weight: 1.11 g Inner diameter: 16.6 mm (approx. EU size 52 / US size 6) Bezel shape: Geometric / lozenge-shaped Decoration: Engraved lion motif Condition: Very good ancient condition. The ring retains its original patina with minor earthen deposits and surface wear consistent with age and long-term burial. No modern cleaning or restoration has been undertaken. Provenance From a former European private collection, acquired in the 1980s. A declaration of legal origin and provenance document can be provided as a PDF upon request. Please note: Photographs are highly magnified to show engraving details. The ring appears smaller and more refined in hand.