Sri Lanka Raksha Mask 3 - Holz - Sri Lanka - second half 20th century

Raksha masks are traditional Sri Lankan demon masks used mainly in the Kolam and other ritual dances. The word Raksha means “demon,” and these masks represent powerful supernatural beings believed to have ruled ancient Sri Lanka.

They are brightly painted with fierce features such as bulging eyes, fangs, cobra hoods, and protruding tongues. Each mask symbolizes a different force or emotion. For example:

• Maru Raksha – The Demon of Death. This mask represents the power over life and death. In traditional belief, Maru decides a person’s fate. Through special ritual dances, people seek blessings to delay death and protect themselves from illness. The mask usually has fierce eyes, sharp fangs, and cobra designs to show its power.
• Gurulu Raksha – The Bird Demon. This mask represents the mythical bird Garuda, shown swallowing a snake (Naga). It symbolizes victory over enemies, protection, strength, and good luck. It is also connected to Hindu and Buddhist mythology, where Garuda is the vehicle of the god Vishnu.
• Ginidal Raksha – The Fire Demon. This mask represents anger and destruction. It is painted mainly in red, yellow, and orange to show flames and heat. The bulging eyes and long tongue highlight intense emotion and fiery energy. It is believed to drive away evil spirits and negative forces.

Traditionally carved from kaduru wood and painted in vivid colors, Raksha masks are used to ward off evil spirits, bring blessings, and restore balance. They originated in Ambalangoda in southern Sri Lanka and remain an important part of the country’s cultural heritage.