Attention: due to customs regulations we can only ship inside the European Union. Please ensure you have a valid EU shipping address before placing a bid. Viking era / Saxon silver penannular cloak pin. The ring holds a pin which can move freely around, the two terminals are decorated with two finely detailed faces. ± 36,2 x 30,9 mm Condition: good solid condition, complete with functional pin. Signs of wear consistent with age and use. See images. Certificate of Authenticity: available upon request (pdf-format). The penannular brooch is an ancient brooch type worn by Celts prior to the Roman era, the Vikings, and throughout the Medieval Ages in Europe. It was used to secure cloaks and clothing. To use, align the pin so it sits in the circular slit, put the pin through desired fabric layers, and then twist the pin to secure. MATERIAL This object has been carefully examined with regard to its material composition and surface characteristics. Specialised laboratory analysis such as metallurgical testing (e.g. XRF) is not routinely undertaken in private collecting and is more commonly associated with academic or institutional research. Destructive testing methods (such as acid testing) permanently damage the object’s surface and are not appropriate for archaeological material. Historically, modern hallmarking systems did not exist. The alloy composition of gold and silver could vary depending on local resources, trade networks, recycling practices and prevailing economic conditions.