A Byzantine bronze cross pendant. The pendant is composed of three stepped arms, which begin with a conical section, before tapering in and flaring out into a conical, flattened terminal. The fourth arm is broken and missing the terminal and presumably a suspension loop. The arms radiate outwards from a square centre, with slightly rounded sides, decorated with a diagonal cross (resembling an X) on both sides. Patina and earthly encrustations to the surface. Signs of wear as consistent with age, such as pitting, scratches, and chips. Byzantine jewellery was a continuation of Roman traditions. As in many other cultures throughout history, Byzantine jewellery acted not only as an embellishment, but most importantly as a direct display of someone’s wealth and social status. Interestingly, it also acted as a diplomatic tool. The Christian religion was very much at the heart of Byzantine culture; it was an empire run as a theocracy, ruled by God, working through the Emperor. This permeated into much of the everyday material culture that remains today. Christian iconography - like crosses, the Virgin Mary and the saints - became an extremely popular decorative motif displayed on many smaller decorative items and wares. Measurements: (circa) L 2.4cm x W 2.5cm Provenance: Ex German art market, 2000s. Acquired from an EU collector living in London. From the collection of a Surrey, UK, gentleman.