Mask Senufo, Ivory Coast early 20th century Wood 21 cm height Good Contidion. Provenance: Private collection, France. Nice Patina. Masks from the Senufo ethnic group, found mainly in Ivory Coast, Mali, and Burkina Faso, occupy a central place in the ritual, social, and spiritual life of this West African culture. These masks are closely linked to the Poro initiation society, a fundamental institution that regulates learning, morality, and community cohesion. Carved from wood and, in many cases, combined with plant fibers, horns, or natural pigments, Senufo masks are characterized by their expressive power and complex symbolism. Among the most notable are the kpelié masks, recognizable by their flat shapes, stylized features, and highly balanced aesthetics. These masks often represent ancestral spirits and are used in funerals, initiation rites, and transition ceremonies. Senufo masks not only serve a ritual function, but also an educational one, as they convey values such as discipline, respect for ancestors, and harmony with nature. Their animal and human forms symbolize forces from the spiritual world and the natural environment. Today, Senufo masks are internationally valued for their powerful visual language and deep cultural significance, and are considered outstanding examples of traditional African art and its close relationship between aesthetics, spirituality, and community life.