Ancient Roman Carnelian Intaglio Seal Depicting Goddess Minerva, 1st–3rd Century AD This exquisite ancient Roman carnelian intaglio seal, dating to the 1st–3rd century AD, features a finely engraved standing figure of the goddess Minerva (Greek Athena), the deity of wisdom, strategy, and warfare. The oval-shaped gemstone displays her in classical attire, wearing a crested helmet and holding a spear, emblematic of her protective and victorious attributes. A beauty piece in a very compact form, with dimensions of only 8.9 mm in length, 7.1 mm in width, and 2.1 mm in depth, weighing just 0.24 g, its rarity is heightened by the well-preserved details engraved on such a tiny stone, showcasing exceptional craftsmanship. Symbolism & Historical Significance: Minerva Intaglio: As one of the principal Roman goddesses, Minerva symbolized intellect, craftsmanship, and military prowess, often invoked for protection in daily life and battle. The crested helmet and spear are her iconic attributes, representing strategic wisdom and divine authority, with parallels to Greek Athena. In Roman culture, such intaglios were not only artistic but functional, used as signet seals to impress wax or clay for authentication, while also serving as amulets for personal empowerment and safeguarding. Connection to Ancient Rome: Intaglios like this were popular among Roman elites, soldiers, and artisans during the Imperial period, often set into rings or pendants. The depiction of Minerva aligns with the era's emphasis on classical mythology, where she was a patroness of Rome itself. Similar examples have been excavated from sites across the empire, reflecting the widespread influence of Greco-Roman artistic traditions in gem engraving. Condition: Intact with natural translucency and minor surface wear consistent with age; the engraving remains sharp and detailed, preserving the gem's vibrant color and historical integrity. Provenance: Previously part of a private European collection, established in the 1980s. A provenance document and declaration of legal origin are available in PDF format upon request. Note: Please examine the provided images for a detailed impression of the intaglio. The photos are highly magnified to showcase the intaglio details the best way possible; otherwise, the piece is even more beautiful and attractive in person.