Thomas Bartholin - Anatomia Reformata (Anatomy Reformed) - 1655

1655 RARE EDITION OF "Anatomia Reformata" about ANATOMY, MEDICINE, SURGERY, GYNECOLOGY, ANDROLOGY by Thomas Bartholin (1616-1680), a Danish physician, anatomist and son of Caspar Bartholin the Elder (1585-1629). The Bartholin family made outstanding contributions towards the development of anatomical sciences and medicine (Hill, 2007). This edition is richly illustrated with 77 illustrations; 69 full-page illustrations height 218 x width 143 mm and 8 folding engravings H 360 x W 140 mm. One of the most important anatomical atlases of the 17th century (Keynes.D.2.16). Thomas Bartholin expands on the research of his father Caspar and introduces new discoveries, a section on the circulation of the blood, thoracic ducts, lymphatic vessels, theory of refrigeration anesthesia, and may improved illustrations. This is the most sought-after edition due to the superior quality of the anatomical plates compared to previous editions. This edition includes a portrait of the author and the famous frontispiece with the flayed man, often missing from many editions. "There is no doubt that Bartholin was the first to grasp the importance of the lymphatic system as a whole." (Garrison-Morton 1097n). The first Latin edition of this work was published in 1651 and the first Dutch edition in 1653, both by Hackius from Leiden. So this is the third enlarged edition, but it is still the rarest of the three. The book is in very good condition with dozens of detailed illustrations. References; World Cat OCLC n°730267798; USTC n°1819610; Heirs of Hippocrates 514; Krivatsy 775; London, UK, Wellcome Library Shelfmark: 12394/B; Universiteitsbibliotheek Universiteit van Amsterdam Shelfmark: 661 E 42; Cambridge, UK, University Library Shelfmark: CCD.46.102; Wellcome II, 107 (1660 edition); Hill, Robert V. (2007) "A Glimpse of Our Past – The contributions of the Bartholin family..." Clinical Anatomy, Volume 20, Issue 2 (March 2007), pp. 113 – 115. COMPLETE EDITION.

Thanks to his skill, Thomas Bartholin went down in history with one of the first cases of "Forensic Medicine", he established that the lungs of dead newborns sink in water, as they never breathe. Twenty years later, this discovery was crucial in settling a trial: a 16-year-old German girl was accused of killing her newborn by drowning him. During the trial, the physician Johann Schreyer (1655-1694) immersed the newborn's lungs in water and, because they drowned, proved that the child was stillborn. The girl was acquitted of the murder charge. This book describes the entire human body, the blood circulation, skeleton, skull, brain, male and female sexual apparatus, reproduction, gestation, fetus, eyes & visual apparatus, digestive system, muscles and the functioning of the limbs, all enriched by various studies on the human body and analysis of anatomical dissections. Caspar Bartholin the Elder published the first collected anatomical work in 1611. This work was later augmented, illustrated and revised by his son Thomas Bartholin, becoming the standard reference on anatomy; the son notably added updates on William Harvey's (1578-1657) theory of blood circulation and on the lymphatic system. The title page credits the authorship of the studies and discoveries to both the father and the son who then in this edition has revised the research and expanded it with new discoveries and better illustrations. He taught at the University of Copenhagen (1646-1661) and was physician to King Christian V (1670-1680). Beautiful complete book with 77 well-defined illustrations. This book contains two letters of John de Waal, "De Motu Chyli et Sanguinis", supporting Harvey's discovery.

TITLE: ANATOMIA, ex Caspari Bartolini Parentis Institutionibus, omniumque recentiorum & propriis observationibus, tertium ad sanguinis circulationem REFORMATA. Cum iconibus novis accuratissimis…(ANATOMY, from the Institutions of Caspar Bartholin Parent, and all recent and own observations, thirdly REFORMED to the circulation of blood. With new icons of the most accurate…)
AUTHORS: Thomas Bartholin (1616-1680) and Caspar Bartholin the Elder (1585-1629)
PUBLISHER: Ex typographia Adriani or Adriaan Vlacq
DATE: 1655, printed in The Hague, third augmented edition but the rarest of the three, text in Latin, with Greek and Arabic quotes, sometimes translated

DESCRIPTION: In 4to size, height 218 x width 143 mm (8.6 by 5.6 inches). Pages [16], 592, [14]. Allegorical frontispiece with the flayed man and engraved portrait of Bartholini by van Meurs after van Mender, with 77 illustrations; 69 full-page illustrations height 218 x width 143 mm and 8 folding engravings H 360 x W 140 mm. 19th-century half-leather binding in excellent condition, with titles and decorations on the spine. Pages, text, and illustrations in good condition with intact margins, some numbering errors, inscriptions of the previous owner in the margins of the title and allegorical title page, some scribbles in the white margins of 6 pages, traces of woodworm in the white margins of 20 leaves with minor losses of some letters, traces of removed tape on part of a fold-out illustration, otherwise pages in overall good condition with rare traces of stains or oxidation here and there, a fine and complete copy.

AUTHOR: Thomas Bartholin (1616-1680) was keen to apply his experiences at Leiden, Padova and Basel and upon returning to Copenhagen in 1647, he started conducting anatomical dissections in presence of distinguished guests, professors, physicians and even general public in the anatomical theatre within the University premises under the patronage of King Frederick III (Holck, 1993), which significantly contributed to his progressive outlook towards advances in medical sciences. Bartholin was also an ardent proponent of William Harvey’s theory of circulation and adopted Harvey’s method-based approach for his own scientific experiments. Bartholin undertook multiple dissection of human cadavers and noted that lacteals (carrying whitish lymphatic fluid) and vasa lymphatica (carrying clear lymphatic fluid) were not entering the liver (the prevalent theory during that period). Rather, he observed, they were draining into the thoracic duct, which in turn empties its contents into circulating blood by opening into left subclavian vein. His findings corroborated those of Jean Pecquet, who had reported similar observations in animals. Bartholin was a prodigious writer and his most remarkable anatomical treatise was "Institutiones Anatomicae", which also included a text authored by his father Caspar Bartholin, the Elder. His exploits were instrumental for the evolution of anatomical sciences to the form familiar today. The Danish scientist Niels Stensen or Steno (1638-1686) became Bartholin's most famous pupil.

AUTHOR: Caspar Bartholin the Elder (1585-1629) was born in Malmø, Denmark (modern Sweden) and was a physician, scientist and theologian. His precocity was extraordinary; at three years of age he was able to read, and in his thirteenth year he composed Greek and Latin orations and delivered them in public. When he was about eighteen, he went to the University of Copenhagen and afterwards studied at Rostock and Wittenberg. Bartholin then travelled through Germany, the Netherlands, England, France and Italy, and was received with marked respect at the different universities he visited. In 1613, he was chosen professor of medicine in the University of Copenhagen and filled that office for eleven years. His work, Anatomicae Institutiones Corporis Humani (1611) was for many years a standard textbook on the subject of anatomy. He was the first to describe the workings of the olfactory nerve.

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