A bronze sculpture - Ogoni - Nigeria

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Holds a postgraduate degree in African studies and 15 years experience in African art.

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A bronze sculpture from Nigeria in Ogoni style, titled 'A bronze sculpture', with a stand, 27 cm high, weighing 2.1 kg, in fair condition and authentic as original/official.

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Description from the seller

A Ogboni altar bronze bell, from the Edo State region, Nigeria, incl stand.

This anthropomorphic bell made of an Ogoni copper alloy from the Niger Delta takes the form of a highly stylized human head; its hollow body, which flares toward the base, retains the functional logic of a musical instrument while transforming it into a figurative representation: the face, broad and almost ovoid, features large, deeply set almond-shaped eyes, a long, straight nose, a mouth with thick, slightly upturned lips, and ears modeled in relief, while several parallel lines running from the corners of the mouth toward the cheeks form a graphic pattern that could evoke body markings, scarifications, or an aesthetic codification of the face. The forehead is framed by crenellated relief bands evoking a headdress or ornament, above which a remarkable zoomorphic element unfolds: a bird with a finely incised body and wings, positioned vertically along the axis of the forehead, whose curved head descends toward the face; this combination of a human figure and an avian motif introduces an emblematic dimension that may allude to notions of rank, mediation, or power, though no precise meaning can be asserted independently of the context of its discovery and use. At the top, a wide ring-shaped loop, reinforced with small nodules and connected to the cap by an openwork structure, indicates that the object was designed to be suspended, worn, or handled, while the slightly flared lower rim is adorned with geometric motifs in relief—notably X-shaped crossings and groups of vertical bars—which visually structure the transition between the head and the opening of the bell. The surface, now covered with a complex patina blending browns, greens, and reddish patches of oxidation, reveals both the object’s material age and the irregularities characteristic of lost-wax casting, a process historically widespread in several metallurgical traditions of southern Nigeria. From an anthropological perspective, the object thus lies at the intersection of sculpture, ornamentation, and musical instrument: the monumentalization of the head, the emphasis on bodily features and motifs of prestige, as well as the presence of the bird and the suspension ring suggest not merely a simple utensil but an artifact intended to simultaneously produce sound, visibility, and authority within a social or ritual context, its form making the human body itself the symbolic medium for the sound-producing action.

According to Elsy Leuzinger, the cult objects of the Ogboni society occupy a special position. So far as one can find out about the secrets of the society, they are related to the cult of the earth spirit Onile. It is possible that the relief figure with the catfish-legs on the agba drums represents this Onile. When the agba drum sounds to call the members of the society, everyone is seized with terror, because the call always means that a death sentence is to be executed, usually as a punishment for the betrayal of the secrets of the society. The blood of the sacrificed used to be poured over the drum.

In the Ogboni sanctuary there is also a larger brass figure with protruding eyes and a horn-like hair-style. Its hands form the Ogboni greeting. Morton Williams investigated its secrets and learned that it was Ajagbo, a terrible Alafin of Oyo, who became a revenging spirit and is invoked by the Ogboni society when a divine sentence of death has to be passed. Ajagbo is identified with Onile, the earth spirit.

"The style of works in metal and ivory is very different from the style of carving in the Yoruba country. This phenomenon is no doubt to be explained by its completely different function." (The Art of Black Africa, translated by R.A. Wilson, the New York Graphic Society, New York, 1972, pp 174-176.)

Im National Museum in Lagos befindet sich eine ähnliche weibliche Figur (Höhe 106 cm), die aus Iperu stammt, von einer weiteren wird berichtet, daß sie in einem Ogboni-Shrine in Ibadan noch in Gebrauch sei. Morton Williams identifizierte jene Figur als Darstellung Ajagbos, eines schrecklichen Alafin von Oyo, der als Rachegeist zu göttlichen Ehren gelangte und dessen Statue bei der Entlarvung und Bestrafung derjenigen eine Rolle spielt, die Ogboni Geheimnisse verraten haben. (Source: Frank Willet, Ife, Metropole afrikanischer Kunst, zweite Auflage 1975, Tafel 101).

Lit.: Leuzinger, Elsy, Kunst uit Afrika: Rond de Niger - De Machtige Rivier, The Hague: Haags Gemeentemuseum, 1971, no. L11. Leuzinger, Elsy, Kunsthaus Zürich: Die Kunst von Schwarz-Afrika, Zurich: Kunsthaus, 1970, pp. 178, no. L11. "Ogboni shrine figures, Bon hams", a similar, single female Bronze sculpture is available on Barakat Gallery, "Large Yoruba Bronze Statue of a Woman", with an estimated age 1800 AD to 1920 AD.

Some of the information is generated by artificial intelligence and is based on published sources from the fields of ethnography, archaeology, and art history.

Inv. No. MAZ21527

The seller guarantees and can prove that the object was obtained legally. The seller was informed by Catawiki that they had to provide the documentation required by the laws and regulations in their country of residence. The seller guarantees and is entitled to sell/export this object. The seller will provide all provenance information known about the object to the buyer. The seller ensures that any necessary permits are/will be arranged. The seller will inform the buyer immediately about any delays in obtaining such permits.

Seller's Story

Wolfgang Jaenicke’s engagement with African art did not begin in the field or the marketplace but in a quieter, more inward space—among papers, books, and objects that belonged to his father. The archive on Germany’s former colonies was not arranged to tell a single story; it suggested many. It invited scrutiny rather than reverence, and it taught Jaenicke early on that objects are never mute. They carry time inside them—fracture and continuity held in the same form—and they ask to be read as carefully as texts. For more than a quarter century, Jaenicke has worked as a collector, dealer, and intermediary, though none of these terms quite captures the shape of his practice. What used to be grouped, too casually, under the heading of “Tribal Art” has never appeared to him as a sealed or historical category. It is, instead, a set of living traditions, constantly negotiating the present. His academic training—in ethnology, art history, and comparative law—provided a grammar. The language itself he learned elsewhere. In Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Togo, and Ghana, knowledge emerged slowly, through repeated encounters that hardened into relationships, and through trust built not all at once but over years. Mali became the gravitational center of this experience. Between 2002 and 2012, Jaenicke lived and worked in Bamako and Ségou, where he ran Tribalartforum, a gallery overlooking the Niger River. The space resisted easy chronology. Sculptures and ceramics shared the room with photography, and works by Malick Sidibé—images of Malian youth in the 1970s, self-assured and exuberant—hung alongside older ritual forms. The effect was not nostalgic but clarifying: past and present did not cancel each other out; they sharpened one another. The war of 2012 ended this chapter abruptly, as wars tend to do. But it did not dissolve the work. Together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke regrouped in Lomé, closer to the places where many of the objects originated and to the routes they continue to travel. Since 2018, Berlin has become another point on this map. Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke now operates opposite Charlottenburg Palace, supported by a small team of specialists. Its focus rests, in particular, on West African bronzes and terracottas—materials shaped by earth and fire, and by forms of memory that resist easy translation. What distinguishes Jaenicke’s practice is not only its geographical range but its internal tension. Fieldwork is paired with provenance research; commerce is treated as inseparable from responsibility. In collaboration with museums and scholarly initiatives, circulation is framed not as extraction but as an ethical process that remains unfinished. The aim is not to remove objects from the world and seal them off, but to keep them readable within it—to allow them to continue speaking, even as the conditions of their speech change. ------------ Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke is a Berlin-based gallery specializing in West African sculpture, bronzes, terracottas, masks, and contemporary African art. It is directed by Wolfgang Jaenicke, whose work combines collecting, dealing, provenance research, fieldwork, and archival documentation. According to the gallery’s own account, Jaenicke studied ethnology, art history, and comparative law and has worked in the field of African art for more than twenty-five years. His activities developed through long-term engagement in countries including Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Togo. Rather than presenting African art as a closed historical category, he describes it as a continuing cultural tradition shaped by living communities and changing historical contexts. A particularly important phase of his career was in Mali, where he lived and worked between roughly 2002 and 2012 in Bamako and Ségou. There he operated Tribalartforum, a gallery that combined historical African sculpture with contemporary African photography, including works by Malick Sidibé. The political and military crisis in Mali in 2012 led to the closure of this phase of activity. Later, together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke continued working from Lomé, Togo, before establishing a gallery presence in Berlin near Charlottenburg Palace. The gallery places particular emphasis on West African bronzes, terracottas, Benin and Ife-related works, Nok sculpture, Dogon art, Baule sculpture, Senufo objects, and Yoruba material. One distinctive aspect of Jaenicke’s public position is his repeated emphasis on provenance transparency and restitution debates. On several published object records, the gallery explicitly discusses issues surrounding export documentation, UNESCO conventions, ownership histories, and communication with scholars and restitution researchers. These statements reflect broader contemporary debates about the circulation of African cultural heritage, legality, collecting history, and museum acquisition practices. The gallery maintains extensive online archives and catalogues documenting hundreds of African objects, including Benin and Ife bronzes, Nok terracottas, Dogon sculptures, Baule figures, Fon objects, Moba figures, and other West African material. For researchers interested in the history of the African art trade, Jaenicke represents a later generation of dealers compared with figures such as John J. Klejman. Whereas Klejman belonged to the postwar New York market of the 1950s–1970s, Jaenicke’s work has been shaped by contemporary concerns with field documentation, provenance research, restitution discussions, digital archives, and direct engagement with West African networks and artists. This text is based on AI Information

A Ogboni altar bronze bell, from the Edo State region, Nigeria, incl stand.

This anthropomorphic bell made of an Ogoni copper alloy from the Niger Delta takes the form of a highly stylized human head; its hollow body, which flares toward the base, retains the functional logic of a musical instrument while transforming it into a figurative representation: the face, broad and almost ovoid, features large, deeply set almond-shaped eyes, a long, straight nose, a mouth with thick, slightly upturned lips, and ears modeled in relief, while several parallel lines running from the corners of the mouth toward the cheeks form a graphic pattern that could evoke body markings, scarifications, or an aesthetic codification of the face. The forehead is framed by crenellated relief bands evoking a headdress or ornament, above which a remarkable zoomorphic element unfolds: a bird with a finely incised body and wings, positioned vertically along the axis of the forehead, whose curved head descends toward the face; this combination of a human figure and an avian motif introduces an emblematic dimension that may allude to notions of rank, mediation, or power, though no precise meaning can be asserted independently of the context of its discovery and use. At the top, a wide ring-shaped loop, reinforced with small nodules and connected to the cap by an openwork structure, indicates that the object was designed to be suspended, worn, or handled, while the slightly flared lower rim is adorned with geometric motifs in relief—notably X-shaped crossings and groups of vertical bars—which visually structure the transition between the head and the opening of the bell. The surface, now covered with a complex patina blending browns, greens, and reddish patches of oxidation, reveals both the object’s material age and the irregularities characteristic of lost-wax casting, a process historically widespread in several metallurgical traditions of southern Nigeria. From an anthropological perspective, the object thus lies at the intersection of sculpture, ornamentation, and musical instrument: the monumentalization of the head, the emphasis on bodily features and motifs of prestige, as well as the presence of the bird and the suspension ring suggest not merely a simple utensil but an artifact intended to simultaneously produce sound, visibility, and authority within a social or ritual context, its form making the human body itself the symbolic medium for the sound-producing action.

According to Elsy Leuzinger, the cult objects of the Ogboni society occupy a special position. So far as one can find out about the secrets of the society, they are related to the cult of the earth spirit Onile. It is possible that the relief figure with the catfish-legs on the agba drums represents this Onile. When the agba drum sounds to call the members of the society, everyone is seized with terror, because the call always means that a death sentence is to be executed, usually as a punishment for the betrayal of the secrets of the society. The blood of the sacrificed used to be poured over the drum.

In the Ogboni sanctuary there is also a larger brass figure with protruding eyes and a horn-like hair-style. Its hands form the Ogboni greeting. Morton Williams investigated its secrets and learned that it was Ajagbo, a terrible Alafin of Oyo, who became a revenging spirit and is invoked by the Ogboni society when a divine sentence of death has to be passed. Ajagbo is identified with Onile, the earth spirit.

"The style of works in metal and ivory is very different from the style of carving in the Yoruba country. This phenomenon is no doubt to be explained by its completely different function." (The Art of Black Africa, translated by R.A. Wilson, the New York Graphic Society, New York, 1972, pp 174-176.)

Im National Museum in Lagos befindet sich eine ähnliche weibliche Figur (Höhe 106 cm), die aus Iperu stammt, von einer weiteren wird berichtet, daß sie in einem Ogboni-Shrine in Ibadan noch in Gebrauch sei. Morton Williams identifizierte jene Figur als Darstellung Ajagbos, eines schrecklichen Alafin von Oyo, der als Rachegeist zu göttlichen Ehren gelangte und dessen Statue bei der Entlarvung und Bestrafung derjenigen eine Rolle spielt, die Ogboni Geheimnisse verraten haben. (Source: Frank Willet, Ife, Metropole afrikanischer Kunst, zweite Auflage 1975, Tafel 101).

Lit.: Leuzinger, Elsy, Kunst uit Afrika: Rond de Niger - De Machtige Rivier, The Hague: Haags Gemeentemuseum, 1971, no. L11. Leuzinger, Elsy, Kunsthaus Zürich: Die Kunst von Schwarz-Afrika, Zurich: Kunsthaus, 1970, pp. 178, no. L11. "Ogboni shrine figures, Bon hams", a similar, single female Bronze sculpture is available on Barakat Gallery, "Large Yoruba Bronze Statue of a Woman", with an estimated age 1800 AD to 1920 AD.

Some of the information is generated by artificial intelligence and is based on published sources from the fields of ethnography, archaeology, and art history.

Inv. No. MAZ21527

The seller guarantees and can prove that the object was obtained legally. The seller was informed by Catawiki that they had to provide the documentation required by the laws and regulations in their country of residence. The seller guarantees and is entitled to sell/export this object. The seller will provide all provenance information known about the object to the buyer. The seller ensures that any necessary permits are/will be arranged. The seller will inform the buyer immediately about any delays in obtaining such permits.

Seller's Story

Wolfgang Jaenicke’s engagement with African art did not begin in the field or the marketplace but in a quieter, more inward space—among papers, books, and objects that belonged to his father. The archive on Germany’s former colonies was not arranged to tell a single story; it suggested many. It invited scrutiny rather than reverence, and it taught Jaenicke early on that objects are never mute. They carry time inside them—fracture and continuity held in the same form—and they ask to be read as carefully as texts. For more than a quarter century, Jaenicke has worked as a collector, dealer, and intermediary, though none of these terms quite captures the shape of his practice. What used to be grouped, too casually, under the heading of “Tribal Art” has never appeared to him as a sealed or historical category. It is, instead, a set of living traditions, constantly negotiating the present. His academic training—in ethnology, art history, and comparative law—provided a grammar. The language itself he learned elsewhere. In Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Togo, and Ghana, knowledge emerged slowly, through repeated encounters that hardened into relationships, and through trust built not all at once but over years. Mali became the gravitational center of this experience. Between 2002 and 2012, Jaenicke lived and worked in Bamako and Ségou, where he ran Tribalartforum, a gallery overlooking the Niger River. The space resisted easy chronology. Sculptures and ceramics shared the room with photography, and works by Malick Sidibé—images of Malian youth in the 1970s, self-assured and exuberant—hung alongside older ritual forms. The effect was not nostalgic but clarifying: past and present did not cancel each other out; they sharpened one another. The war of 2012 ended this chapter abruptly, as wars tend to do. But it did not dissolve the work. Together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke regrouped in Lomé, closer to the places where many of the objects originated and to the routes they continue to travel. Since 2018, Berlin has become another point on this map. Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke now operates opposite Charlottenburg Palace, supported by a small team of specialists. Its focus rests, in particular, on West African bronzes and terracottas—materials shaped by earth and fire, and by forms of memory that resist easy translation. What distinguishes Jaenicke’s practice is not only its geographical range but its internal tension. Fieldwork is paired with provenance research; commerce is treated as inseparable from responsibility. In collaboration with museums and scholarly initiatives, circulation is framed not as extraction but as an ethical process that remains unfinished. The aim is not to remove objects from the world and seal them off, but to keep them readable within it—to allow them to continue speaking, even as the conditions of their speech change. ------------ Galerie Wolfgang Jaenicke is a Berlin-based gallery specializing in West African sculpture, bronzes, terracottas, masks, and contemporary African art. It is directed by Wolfgang Jaenicke, whose work combines collecting, dealing, provenance research, fieldwork, and archival documentation. According to the gallery’s own account, Jaenicke studied ethnology, art history, and comparative law and has worked in the field of African art for more than twenty-five years. His activities developed through long-term engagement in countries including Mali, Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Togo. Rather than presenting African art as a closed historical category, he describes it as a continuing cultural tradition shaped by living communities and changing historical contexts. A particularly important phase of his career was in Mali, where he lived and worked between roughly 2002 and 2012 in Bamako and Ségou. There he operated Tribalartforum, a gallery that combined historical African sculpture with contemporary African photography, including works by Malick Sidibé. The political and military crisis in Mali in 2012 led to the closure of this phase of activity. Later, together with Aguibou Kamaté, Jaenicke continued working from Lomé, Togo, before establishing a gallery presence in Berlin near Charlottenburg Palace. The gallery places particular emphasis on West African bronzes, terracottas, Benin and Ife-related works, Nok sculpture, Dogon art, Baule sculpture, Senufo objects, and Yoruba material. One distinctive aspect of Jaenicke’s public position is his repeated emphasis on provenance transparency and restitution debates. On several published object records, the gallery explicitly discusses issues surrounding export documentation, UNESCO conventions, ownership histories, and communication with scholars and restitution researchers. These statements reflect broader contemporary debates about the circulation of African cultural heritage, legality, collecting history, and museum acquisition practices. The gallery maintains extensive online archives and catalogues documenting hundreds of African objects, including Benin and Ife bronzes, Nok terracottas, Dogon sculptures, Baule figures, Fon objects, Moba figures, and other West African material. For researchers interested in the history of the African art trade, Jaenicke represents a later generation of dealers compared with figures such as John J. Klejman. Whereas Klejman belonged to the postwar New York market of the 1950s–1970s, Jaenicke’s work has been shaped by contemporary concerns with field documentation, provenance research, restitution discussions, digital archives, and direct engagement with West African networks and artists. This text is based on AI Information

Details

Ethnic group/ culture
Ogoni
Country of Origin
Nigeria
Material
Bronze
Sold with stand
Yes
Condition
Fair condition
Title of artwork
A bronze sculpture
Height
27 cm
Weight
2.1 kg
Authenticity
Original/official
GermanyVerified
6604
Objects sold
99.44%
protop

Rechtliche Informationen des Verkäufers

Unternehmen:
Jaenicke Njoya GmbH
Repräsentant:
Wolfgang Jaenicke
Adresse:
Jaenicke Njoya GmbH
Klausenerplatz 7
14059 Berlin
GERMANY
Telefonnummer:
+493033951033
Email:
w.jaenicke@jaenicke-njoya.com
USt-IdNr.:
DE241193499

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