An exceptional ancient Roman gold ring featuring a circular hoop and a finely decorated trumpet bezel. Composed of bulbous petals, the bezel is flanked by two gold granules at the base and adorned by a frieze of evenly spaced, smaller granules at the top. The piece is further enriched with a deep-red cabochon garnet, finely carved with a male head facing left. Portrayed as bearded and bold, the man closely resembles the Greek philosopher Socrates, presenting a head type similar to the work of the early Hellenistic period. The broad nose, said to have linked the philosopher to a silenus, allows a second possible interpretation of the figure as one of the mythical creatures, part man part beast, closely associated with the god Dionysus. The subject used for intaglios are diverse, with depictions of deities being a favourite theme. Regarded as the founder of Western philosophy, Socrates (Σωκράτης; 469-399 B.C.) remains an enigmatic figure, known mostly through the accounts of his students, particularly Plato and Xenophon. Their work, written in the form of dialogues, uses the character of Socrates as an investigative tool to examine subjects and approach different areas of philosophy, including rationalism and ethics. While in life, he was recognised as a controversial figure and often figured in the comedies of his contemporary Aristophanes, ‘The Clouds’ produced in 423 B.C. being the best-known example. Measurements: H 3.3cm x W 2.4cm Internal diameter: 2.1cm Closest UK ring size: V Weight: 7.16g Provenance: From a collection of ancient rings, 1980s.